B2 Vocabulary

Classify by Letter Classify by Lesson Start Quiz

  • abandon

    (v.) to leave behind or give up completely

  • absolute

    (adj.) total; not dependent on anything else

  • absorb

    (v.) to soak up or take in

  • abstract

    (adj.) not concrete; theoretical or conceptual

  • academic

    (n.) relating to education or scholarship

  • accent

    (n.) distinct pronunciation of words or sounds

  • acceptable

    (adj.) satisfactory or okay to agree to

  • accidentally

    (adv.) by mistake or unintentionally

  • accommodate

    (v.) provide space or fitting arrangement

  • accompany

    (v.) go with or escort someone

  • accomplish

    (v.) achieve or complete successfully

  • account

    (v.) record or report of financial transactions

  • accountant

    (n.) professional who manages financial records

  • accuracy

    (n.) correctness and precision

  • accurate

    (adj.) free from errors; precise

  • accurately

    (adv.) in a correct and precise manner

  • accuse

    (v.) blame or charge with wrongdoing

  • acid

    (n.) sour substance with pH below 7

  • acknowledge

    (v.) admit or recognize

  • acquire

    (v.) gain possession or learn

  • activate

    (v.) make active or operational

  • actual

    (adj.) real or existing in fact

  • adapt

    (v.) adjust to new conditions

  • addiction

    (n.) dependency on a substance or activity

  • additional

    (adj.) extra or more

  • additionally

    (adv.) also or besides

  • address

    (v.) detail location or speak to

  • adequate

    (adj.) suitable or enough

  • adequately

    (adv.) sufficiently or properly

  • adjust

    (v.) move or change slightly

  • administration

    (n.) management or governing body

  • adopt

    (v.) take up or accept formally

  • advance

    (n./v./adj.) move forward or improve

  • affair

    (n.) public or personal event or matter

  • affordable

    (adj.) reasonably priced

  • afterwards

    (adv.) at a later time

  • agency

    (n.) organization or agency

  • agenda

    (n.) list of items to discuss

  • aggressive

    (adj.) approaching forcefully or assertively

  • agriculture

    (n.) farming and cultivation of land

  • aid

    (n./v.) help or support

  • AIDS

    (n.) acquired immune deficiency syndrome

  • aircraft

    (n.) vehicle capable of flight

  • alarm

    (v.) sound or signal of danger

  • alien

    (n.) foreign or unfamiliar being

  • alongside

    (prep.) next to or together with

  • alter

    (v.) change or modify

  • altogether

    (adv.) completely or entirely

  • ambulance

    (n.) emergency medical vehicle

  • amount

    (v.) value or total sum

  • amusing

    (adj.) causing laughter or fun

  • analyst

    (n.) person who examines or interprets

  • ancestor

    (n.) forefather or previous relative

  • anger

    (n.) strong feeling of displeasure

  • angle

    (n.) the space between two intersecting lines

  • animation

    (n.) motion or lively visual effects

  • anniversary

    (n.) celebration of a past event

  • annual

    (adj.) occurring once every year

  • annually

    (adv.) yearly or every year

  • anticipate

    (v.) expect or look forward to

  • anxiety

    (n.) unease or worry

  • anxious

    (adj.) feeling of worry or nervousness

  • apology

    (n.) expression of regret or sorry

  • apparent

    (adj.) easily seen or understood

  • apparently

    (adv.) seemingly or outwardly

  • appeal

    (n./v.) attract or request earnestly

  • applicant

    (n.) person applying for something

  • approach

    (n./v.) move closer or method

  • appropriate

    (adj.) suitable or proper

  • appropriately

    (adv.) in a suitable manner

  • approval

    (n.) consent or positive opinion

  • approve

    (v.) accept or agree to

  • arise

    (v.) come into being or emerge

  • armed

    (adj.) equipped with weapons

  • arms

    (n.) weapons or military equipment

  • arrow

    (n.) projectile shot from a bow

  • artificial

    (adj.) man-made or synthetic

  • artistic

    (adj.) related to art or creativity

  • artwork

    (n.) artistic creation or piece

  • ashamed

    (adj.) feeling embarrassed or guilty

  • aside

    (adv.) to one side or apart

  • aspect

    (n.) part or feature of something

  • assess

    (v.) evaluate or estimate

  • assessment

    (n.) essay or evaluation process

  • asset

    (n.) valuable item or resource

  • assign

    (v.) allocate or designate

  • assistance

    (n.) help or support

  • associate

    (v.) connect or relate

  • associated

    (adj.) connected or related

  • association

    (n.) group or connection

  • assume

    (v.) suppose without proof

  • assumption

    (n.) belief or premise

  • assure

    (v.) guarantee or promise

  • astonishing

    (adj.) amazing or surprising

  • attachment

    (n.) additional file or connection

  • attempt

    (n./v.) try or effort

  • auction

    (n.) public sale of items

  • audio

    (adj.) sound or hearing related

  • automatic

    (adj.) working by itself

  • automatically

    (adv.) without human intervention

  • awareness

    (n.) consciousness or understanding

  • awkward

    (adj.) Lacking grace or smoothness; uncomfortable

  • back

    (v.) Rear part of the body or behind

  • bacteria

    (n.) Microscopic organisms causing infections

  • badge

    (n.) Insignia showing authority or achievement

  • balanced

    (adj.) Stable and evenly distributed

  • ballet

    (n.) Art of expressive dance with graceful movements

  • balloon

    (n.) Inflated flexible bag for decoration or fun

  • bar

    (v.) Counter for serving drinks or a metal rod

  • barely

    (adv.) Almost not; scarcely

  • bargain

    (n.) Good deal or price agreement

  • barrier

    (n.) Obstacle preventing movement or progress

  • basement

    (n.) Underground floor of a building

  • basically

    (adv.) Fundamentally; essentially

  • basket

    (n.) Container made of interwoven fibers

  • bat

    (n.) Flying mammal or sports equipment

  • battle

    (v.) Fight or conflict between groups

  • bear

    (v.) Large mammal or endure patiently

  • beat

    (n.) Rhythmic movement or strike

  • beg

    (v.) Ask earnestly or desperately

  • being

    (n.) Entity existing; existence itself

  • beneficial

    (adj.) Helpful or advantageous

  • bent

    (adj.) Curved or inclined position

  • beside

    (prep.) Next to or alongside

  • besides

    (prep./adv.) In addition; apart from

  • bet

    (v./n.) Wager or gamble

  • beyond

    (prep./adv.) Farther than; outside the scope

  • bias

    (n.) Prejudice in favor or against something

  • bid

    (n./v.) Offer a price or attempt

  • bill

    (v.) Invoice for payment or a legislative proposal

  • biological

    (adj.) Related to living organisms

  • bitter

    (adj.) Having a sharp, harsh taste or feeling

  • blame

    (v./n.) Consider responsible for fault or wrong

  • blanket

    (n.) Covering for warmth or protection

  • blind

    (adj.) Unable to see or lacking perception

  • blow

    (n.) Strike with force or a gust of wind

  • bold

    (adj.) Courageous; daring or clear and prominent

  • bombing

    (n.) Attack using explosive devices

  • bond

    (n.) Connection or link between things or people

  • booking

    (n.) Reservation made in advance

  • boost

    (v./n.) Increase or improve

  • border

    (v.) Line separating areas or countries

  • bound

    (adj.) Tied up or destined to do something

  • breast

    (n.) Front part of the body or milk-producing gland

  • brick

    (n.) Rectangular block of baked clay

  • brief

    (adj.) Short in duration or length

  • briefly

    (adv.) In a short manner or time

  • broad

    (adj.) Wide or extensive

  • broadcast

    (v./n.) Transmit over radio or TV

  • broadcaster

    (n.) Person or station transmitting content

  • broadly

    (adv.) Widely or generally

  • budget

    (n.) Money plan for expenses

  • bug

    (n.) Insect or software error

  • bullet

    (n.) a metal projectile for firing from a rifle, revolver, or other small firearm

  • bunch

    (n.) A group of similar items

  • burn

    (n.) Make or become fire or heat

  • bush

    (n.) Shrub or dense plant

  • but

    (prep.) Except or only

  • cabin

    (n.) Small wooden house or vessel

  • cable

    (n.) Thick wire for electrical or communication

  • calculate

    (v.) Determine by mathematical process

  • canal

    (n.) Man-made waterway for navigation

  • cancel

    (v.) Call off or remove

  • cancer

    (n.) Serious disease involving abnormal cell growth

  • candle

    (n.) Wax with wick for light

  • capable

    (adj.) Having ability or qualities for something

  • capacity

    (n.) Maximum amount or ability to hold

  • capture

    (v./n.) Obtain or seize something

  • carbon

    (n.) Element forming organic compounds

  • cast

    (n./v.) Throw or shape by pouring or molding

  • casual

    (adj.) Relaxed, informal, or unconcerned

  • catch

    (n.) Capture or seize something

  • cave

    (n.) Underground chamber or hollow

  • cell

    (n.) Basic unit of living organisms

  • certainty

    (n.) Firm conviction or assurance

  • certificate

    (n.) Official document of authenticity

  • chain

    (v.) Series of linked objects or events

  • chair

    (v.) Seat with a backrest

  • chairman

    (n.) Person leading a committee or meeting

  • challenge

    (v.) Something difficult requiring effort

  • challenging

    (adj.) Requiring great effort or skill

  • championship

    (n.) Title or competition for the best

  • characteristic

    (n./adj.) Distinctive feature or quality

  • charming

    (adj.) Pleasant, attractive, or delightful

  • chart

    (v.) Visual display of data or information

  • chase

    (v./n.) Pursue quickly to catch

  • cheek

    (n.) Part of face below eye and to side

  • cheer

    (v./n.) Shout of encouragement or happiness

  • chief

    (adj./n.) Principal or most important person

  • choir

    (n.) Singing group singing together

  • chop

    (v.) Cut into pieces or cut off

  • circuit

    (n.) Path for electrical or electronic flow

  • circumstance

    (n.) Condition or fact affecting situation

  • cite

    (v.) Quote or mention as authority

  • citizen

    (n.) Member of a city or country

  • civil

    (adj.) Relating to citizens or manners

  • civilization

    (n.) Advanced human society

  • clarify

    (v.) Make clear or easier to understand

  • classic

    (adj./n.) Having enduring value or timeless

  • classify

    (v.) Arrange into categories

  • clerk

    (n.) Office worker or official

  • cliff

    (n.) High steep face of rock or earth

  • clinic

    (n.) medical facility for treatment and health check-ups

  • clip

    (n.) device for holding or cutting objects

  • closely

    (adv.) in a near or tight manner

  • coincidence

    (n.) unexpected occurrence of events

  • collapse

    (v./n.) sudden failure or fall

  • collector

    (n.) person who gathers or collects items

  • colony

    (n.) group of animals or people living together

  • colourful

    (adj.) full of bright colors

  • combination

    (n.) joining of two or more things

  • comfort

    (n./v.) easing of pain or worry

  • comic

    (adj./n.) something funny or amusing

  • command

    (n./v.) order or instruction

  • commander

    (n.) leader in military or organization

  • commission

    (n./v.) act of giving authority or task

  • commitment

    (n.) dedication to a cause or activity

  • committee

    (n.) group of people appointed for a purpose

  • commonly

    (adv.) generally or usually

  • comparative

    (adj.) involving comparison

  • completion

    (n.) act of finishing something

  • complex

    (n.) consisting of many parts

  • complicated

    (adj.) difficult to understand

  • component

    (n.) part or element of something

  • compose

    (v.) create or write

  • composer

    (n.) person who writes music

  • compound

    (n.) substance made of two or more elements

  • comprehensive

    (adj.) complete and inclusive

  • comprise

    (v.) consist of or include

  • compulsory

    (adj.) mandatory or required

  • concentration

    (n.) focus of attention

  • concept

    (n.) abstract idea or notion

  • concern

    (n./v.) worry or interest

  • concerned

    (adj.) worried or interested

  • concrete

    (adj./n.) tangible or real

  • conduct

    (v./n.) carry out or behavior

  • confess

    (v.) admit to wrongdoing

  • confidence

    (n.) belief in oneself

  • conflict

    (n./v.) serious disagreement or fight

  • confusing

    (adj.) unclear or difficult to understand

  • confusion

    (n.) lack of clarity

  • conscious

    (adj.) aware of surroundings

  • consequently

    (adv.) as a result

  • conservation

    (n.) preservation of resources

  • conservative

    (adj./n.) cautious or traditional

  • considerable

    (adj.) notably large or important

  • considerably

    (adv.) significantly or greatly

  • consideration

    (n.) careful thought

  • consistent

    (adj.) steady or reliable

  • consistently

    (adv.) regularly or always

  • conspiracy

    (n.) secret plan to do wrong

  • constant

    (adj.) unchanging or steady

  • constantly

    (adv.) all the time

  • construct

    (v.) build or create

  • construction

    (n.) act of building

  • consult

    (v.) seek advice or information

  • consultant

    (n.) expert providing advice

  • consumption

    (n.) act of using or eating

  • contemporary

    (adj.) modern or existing now

  • contest

    (n./v.) competition or dispute

  • contract

    (n./v.) legal agreement

  • contribute

    (v.) give or add to

  • contribution

    (n.) act of giving or adding

  • controversial

    (adj.) causing disagreement

  • controversy

    (n.) public dispute or debate

  • convenience

    (n.) state of being suitable

  • convention

    (n.) traditional or accepted way

  • conventional

    (adj.) ordinary or traditional

  • convert

    (v.) change from one form to another

  • convey

    (v.) communicate or transfer

  • convinced

    (adj.) totally sure or persuaded

  • convincing

    (adj.) believable or persuasive

  • cope

    (v.) deal successfully with

  • core

    (n./adj.) central or most important part

  • corporate

    (adj.) relating to a company

  • corporation

    (n.) large business organization

  • corridor

    (n.) long passage in a building

  • council

    (n.) group of elected officials

  • counter

    (n.) oppose or respond to

  • county

    (n.) administrative region

  • courage

    (n.) bravery or bravery

  • coverage

    (n.) extent or scope of something

  • crack

    (v./n.) break or split

  • craft

    (n.) skill or artistic work

  • crash

    (n./v.) sudden collision or failure

  • creation

    (n.) act of making something new

  • creativity

    (n.) ability to create new ideas

  • creature

    (n.) living being or animal

  • credit

    (v.) acknowledgment or trustworthiness

  • crew

    (n.) group of people working together

  • crisis

    (n.) serious or dangerous situation

  • criterion

    (n.) standard for judgment

  • critic

    (n.) person who evaluates others

  • critical

    (adj.) very important or disapproving

  • critically

    (adv.) in a crucial or serious way

  • criticism

    (n.) expression of disapproval

  • criticize

    (v.) find fault or express disapproval

  • crop

    (n.) cultivated plants

  • crucial

    (adj.) extremely important

  • cruise

    (n./v.) long journey on water or air

  • cry

    (n.) shed tears or shout loudly

  • cue

    (n.) signal for action or response

  • cure

    (v./n.) remedy for disease or illness

  • curious

    (adj.) eager to learn or investigate

  • current

    (n.) happening now; up-to-date

  • curriculum

    (n.) set of courses taught in school

  • curve

    (n./v.) line bending in a shape

  • curved

    (adj.) having a bend or arc

  • cute

    (adj.) attractive in an endearing way

  • dairy

    (n./adj.) related to milk or milk products

  • dare

    (v.) to have courage to do something

  • darkness

    (n.) absence of light

  • database

    (n.) organized collection of data

  • date

    (v.) specific day on the calendar

  • deadline

    (n.) latest time to complete task

  • deadly

    (adj.) capable of causing death

  • dealer

    (n.) person or business selling goods

  • debate

    (n./v.) formal discussion of differing opinions

  • debt

    (n.) owed money to someone

  • decent

    (adj.) acceptable or respectable

  • deck

    (n.) flat surface or platform

  • declare

    (v.) to state officially or openly

  • decline

    (v./n.) to refuse or decrease

  • decoration

    (n.) ornament or adornment

  • decrease

    (v./n.) to become smaller or fewer

  • deeply

    (adv.) to a great extent or depth

  • defeat

    (v./n.) to win against in competition

  • defence

    (n.) protection or support against attack

  • defend

    (v.) to protect from harm or danger

  • defender

    (n.) one who supports or guards

  • delay

    (v./n.) to postpone or be late

  • delete

    (v.) to remove or erase

  • deliberate

    (adj.) carefully thought out

  • deliberately

    (adv.) intentionally or on purpose

  • delight

    (v./n.) great pleasure or joy

  • delighted

    (adj.) feeling very pleased

  • delivery

    (n.) act of bringing or handing over

  • demand

    (n./v.) strong request or need

  • democracy

    (n.) government by the people

  • democratic

    (adj.) relating to people’s rule

  • demonstrate

    (v.) to show clearly or prove

  • demonstration

    (n.) act of demonstrating or showing

  • deny

    (v.) to say something is not true

  • depart

    (v.) to leave a place

  • dependent

    (adj.) relying on or needing support

  • deposit

    (n.) to put money into an account

  • depressed

    (adj.) feeling very sad or hopeless

  • depressing

    (adj.) making sad or discouraged

  • depression

    (n.) prolonged sadness or economic decline

  • depth

    (n.) distance from top to bottom

  • derive

    (v.) to obtain or originate from

  • desert

    (v.) dry, arid region or abandon

  • deserve

    (v.) to earn or be worthy of

  • desire

    (n./v.) strong wish or want

  • desperate

    (adj.) extremely urgent or hopeless

  • desperately

    (adv.) intensely or desperately

  • destruction

    (n.) act of ruining or destroying

  • detail

    (v.) small part of a whole

  • detailed

    (adj.) including many specifics

  • detect

    (v.) to discover or find out

  • determination

    (n.) firm decision or resolve

  • devote

    (v.) to give entirely to a cause

  • differ

    (v.) to be unlike or distinct

  • dig

    (v.) to break or turn over soil

  • disability

    (n.) physical or mental condition limiting abilities

  • disabled

    (adj.) person with disability

  • disagreement

    (n.) lack of harmony or consensus

  • disappoint

    (v.) to let down or frustrate expectations

  • disappointment

    (n.) feeling of sadness or dissatisfaction

  • disc

    (n.) thin flat round object or device

  • discipline

    (n.) training to develop control or order

  • discount

    (v.) reduction in price

  • discourage

    (v.) to make less confident or hopeful

  • dishonest

    (adj.) not truthful or trustworthy

  • dismiss

    (v.) to send away or reject

  • disorder

    (n.) lack of order or organization

  • display

    (v./n.) to show or present prominently

  • distant

    (adj.) far away in space or time

  • distinct

    (adj.) clearly different or separate

  • distinguish

    (v.) to perceive differences

  • distract

    (v.) to draw attention away

  • distribute

    (v.) to spread out or give to many

  • distribution

    (n.) act of distributing or spreading

  • district

    (n.) a defined area within a city or region

  • disturb

    (v.) to interrupt or bother

  • dive

    (v./n.) to jump into water headfirst

  • diverse

    (adj.) showing a variety of different things

  • diversity

    (n.) variety or range of different things

  • divide

    (n.) to separate into parts or sections

  • division

    (n.) act of dividing or split

  • divorce

    (n./v.) legal separation of married couple

  • document

    (v.) written or electronic record

  • domestic

    (adj.) relating to home or family

  • dominant

    (adj.) most powerful or influential

  • dominate

    (v.) to control or rule

  • donation

    (n.) gift for charity

  • dot

    (n.) small round mark or point

  • downtown

    (n./adj./adv.) city center or main business area

  • downwards

    (adv.) moving or facing downward

  • dozen

    (n./det.) group of twelve items

  • draft

    (n./v.) preliminary version or plan

  • drag

    (v.) to pull with force or effort

  • dramatic

    (adj.) very emotional or striking

  • dramatically

    (adv.) in a striking or noticeable way

  • drought

    (n.) a long period of low rainfall and water shortage

  • dull

    (adj.) lacking interest or excitement; not shiny or bright

  • dump

    (v.) a place where waste is disposed of; to drop heavily

  • duration

    (n.) the length of time something lasts

  • dynamic

    (adj.) energetic and constantly changing or developing

  • economics

    (n.) study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

  • economist

    (n.) person who studies or specializes in economics

  • edit

    (v.) to prepare written material for publication or correction

  • edition

    (n.) a particular version or release of a publication

  • editorial

    (adj.) an article expressing opinions in a newspaper or magazine

  • efficient

    (adj.) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort

  • efficiently

    (adv.) in a way that achieves maximum productivity

  • elbow

    (n.) the joint connecting the upper arm and forearm

  • elderly

    (adj.) relating to old age; senior citizens

  • elect

    (v.) to choose by voting or decision-making

  • electronics

    (n.) devices that operate using electronic signals

  • elegant

    (adj.) stylish, graceful, or tasteful in appearance or design

  • elementary

    (adj.) simple or basic in nature or structure

  • eliminate

    (v.) to remove or get rid of something

  • elsewhere

    (adv.) in another place; somewhere else

  • embrace

    (v.) to hug or hold tightly; accept readily

  • emerge

    (v.) to come into view or existence

  • emission

    (n.) the act of releasing something, usually gases or light

  • emotional

    (adj.) relating to feelings or emotions

  • emotionally

    (adv.) in a manner related to feelings

  • emphasis

    (n.) special importance or attention given to something

  • emphasize

    (v.) to give special importance or stress to something

  • empire

    (n.) a large political or social territory controlled by one ruler or government

  • enable

    (v.) to make possible or give ability to do something

  • encounter

    (v./n.) to meet or come across unexpectedly or intentionally

  • engage

    (v.) to participate or become involved in something

  • enhance

    (v.) to improve or increase the value or quality of something

  • enjoyable

    (adj.) providing pleasure or satisfaction

  • enquiry

    (n.) a question or investigation about something

  • ensure

    (v.) to make certain or guarantee something

  • entertaining

    (adj.) providing amusement or enjoyment

  • enthusiasm

    (n.) intense excitement or interest in something

  • enthusiastic

    (adj.) showing great eagerness or interest

  • entire

    (adj.) complete or whole; full

  • entirely

    (adv.) completely or fully

  • entrepreneur

    (n.) a person who starts and runs a business

  • envelope

    (n.) a paper cover for enclosing a letter or document

  • equal

    (n.) being the same in quantity, size, or value

  • equip

    (v.) to supply with necessary tools or equipment

  • equivalent

    (n./adj.) having equal value or meaning

  • era

    (n.) a period of time characterized by particular events or features

  • erupt

    (v.) to burst out suddenly, usually referring to a volcano or fire

  • essentially

    (adv.) fundamentally; basically

  • establish

    (v.) to set up or create something on a firm basis

  • estate

    (n.) a large area of land with buildings; property

  • estimate

    (v./n.) an approximate calculation or judgment of value

  • ethic

    (n.) a set of moral principles guiding behavior

  • ethical

    (adj.) relating to moral principles or standards

  • ethnic

    (adj.) relating to a specific cultural group or ethnicity

  • evaluate

    (v.) to assess or determine the value or quality of something

  • evaluation

    (n.) the process of appraising or judging something

  • even

    (adj.) flat and level; or equal in measure or amount

  • evident

    (adj.) clearly visible or understood; obvious

  • evil

    (adj./n.) morally bad or wicked

  • evolution

    (n.) gradual development or change over time

  • evolve

    (v.) to develop gradually over time

  • examination

    (n.) a detailed inspection or testing

  • exceed

    (v.) to go beyond or be greater than

  • exception

    (n.) something that does not follow the general rule

  • excessive

    (adj.) More than necessary or moderate

  • exclude

    (v.) to leave out or deny access to

  • excuse

    (n./v.) to forgive or justify; a reason or explanation

  • executive

    (n./adj.) a person responsible for administration and decision-making

  • exhibit

    (v./n.) to display or show publicly; a display or presentation

  • existence

    (n.) the state of being real or actual

  • exit

    (n.) a way out; to go out or leave

  • exotic

    (adj.) unusual or foreign in appearance or origin

  • expansion

    (n.) the process of enlarging or increasing

  • expectation

    (n.) a belief that something will happen

  • expense

    (n.) the cost incurred for something

  • expertise

    (n.) specialized knowledge or skill in a field

  • exploit

    (v.) to use something fully for advantage; to unfairly take benefit

  • exploration

    (n.) the act of searching or traveling for discovery

  • expose

    (v.) to uncover or reveal something hidden or secret

  • exposure

    (n.) the state of being exposed to something harmful or enlightening

  • extend

    (v.) to stretch out or make longer

  • extension

    (n.) an expansion or prolongation of something

  • extensive

    (adj.) covering a large area or amount

  • extensively

    (adv) in a widespread or thorough manner

  • extent

    (n.) the degree or scope of something

  • external

    (adj.) outer or outside of something

  • extract

    (n.) to remove or take out something, often forcibly

  • extraordinary

    (adj.) very unusual or remarkable

  • extreme

    (n.) reaching the highest or lowest points; severe

  • fabric

    (n.) the material used to make clothing or textiles

  • fabulous

    (adj.) extraordinary or amazingly good

  • facility

    (n.) a place or equipment designed for a particular activity

  • failed

    (adj.) did not succeed; did not achieve desired outcome

  • failure

    (n.) lack of success or the inability to meet expectations

  • faith

    (n.) strong belief or trust in someone or something

  • fake

    (adj.) not genuine; counterfeit or imitation

  • fame

    (n.) widespread recognition or reputation

  • fantasy

    (n.) imaginative or unreal ideas or stories

  • fare

    (n.) to perform or happen; the price of transportation or food

  • fault

    (n.) a mistake or defect; responsibility for a mistake

  • favour

    (v.) approval or support; to prefer or grant kindness

  • feather

    (n.) a light structure covering bird's body

  • federal

    (adj.) relating to central government of a nation

  • fee

    (n.) charge for services or goods

  • feed

    (n.) to give food; supply with nutrients

  • feedback

    (n.) information returned for improvement

  • feel

    (n.) to perceive through touch or emotion

  • fellow

    (adj.) a man or person in the same group

  • fever

    (n.) elevated body temperature due to illness

  • figure

    (v.) a shape or form of a person or object

  • file

    (v.) collection of documents or data

  • finance

    (n./v.) management of money and investments

  • finding

    (n.) a discovered piece of information or object

  • firefighter

    (n.) person fighting fires and rescuing

  • firework

    (n.) explosive used for entertainment displays

  • firm

    (n./adj.) a business or company; steady or strong

  • firmly

    (adv.) in a strong, steady, or fixed manner

  • fix

    (n.) to repair or secure; solution to a problem

  • flame

    (n.) visible combustion of a gas or solid

  • flash

    (n./v.) quick bright burst of light

  • flavour

    (n.) distinctive taste of food or drink

  • flexible

    (adj.) capable of bending easily

  • float

    (v.) to rest on or move in liquid or air

  • fold

    (n.) to bend something over itself

  • folding

    (adj.) the act of bending something over

  • following

    (prep.) coming after or next in sequence

  • fond

    (adj.) having a strong liking or affection

  • fool

    (n.) a person lacking good sense or judgment

  • forbid

    (v.) to prohibit or not allow

  • forecast

    (n./v.) prediction of future events

  • forgive

    (v.) to stop feeling angry; pardon

  • format

    (n.) arrangement or layout of data

  • formation

    (n.) arrangement or structure of something

  • former

    (adj.) previous or earlier in time

  • formerly

    (adv.) in the past; previously

  • fortunate

    (adj.) having good luck or favorable circumstances

  • fortune

    (n.) chance or luck; wealth or riches

  • forum

    (n.) a place for open discussion and exchange

  • forward

    (adj.) ahead in position or time

  • fossil

    (n.) preserved remains of ancient organisms

  • found

    (v.) to establish or base on; a basis of something

  • foundation

    (n.) the base or support of a structure

  • founder

    (n.) one who establishes or starts something

  • fraction

    (n.) part of a whole; ratio or segment

  • fragment

    (n.) a small broken piece of something

  • framework

    (n.) supporting structure or system

  • fraud

    (n.) deliberate deception for personal gain

  • free

    (v.) without cost or restrictions

  • freedom

    (n.) ability to act or think independently

  • freely

    (adv.) without restriction or cost

  • frequency

    (n.) how often something occurs

  • frequent

    (adj.) happening often or regularly

  • fuel

    (v.) material that burns for energy

  • fulfil

    (v.) to complete or achieve a responsibility

  • fully

    (adv.) completely or entirely

  • function

    (v.) purpose or role of something

  • fund

    (n./v.) an amount of money set aside for a purpose

  • fundamental

    (adj.) basic or essential element

  • fundamentally

    (adv.) in a basic or essential way

  • funding

    (n.) providing financial support

  • furious

    (adj.) extremely angry or violent

  • furthermore

    (adv.) in addition; also

  • gain

    (v./n.) to obtain or increase something

  • gaming

    (n.) playing electronic or betting games

  • gang

    (n.) group of people working together

  • gay

    (adj.) attracted to members of same sex

  • gender

    (n.) social and cultural roles of men and women

  • gene

    (n.) unit of heredity in living organisms

  • generate

    (v.) to produce or create

  • genetic

    (adj.) related to genes and heredity

  • genius

    (n.) exceptional intellectual or creative ability

  • genre

    (n.) category or style of artistic work

  • genuine

    (adj.) authentic or real; sincere

  • genuinely

    (adv.) truly or sincerely

  • gesture

    (n.) movement expressing emotion or intent

  • gig

    (n.) a short-term job or performance

  • globalization

    (n.) worldwide interconnectedness and integration

  • globe

    (n.) spherical model of the Earth

  • golden

    (adj.) made of or related to gold; excellent

  • goodness

    (n.) quality of being good or kind

  • gorgeous

    (adj.) very beautiful or attractive

  • govern

    (v.) to control or regulate a country or organization

  • governor

    (n.) official who governs a region or state

  • grab

    (v.) to seize suddenly or roughly

  • grade

    (v.) level of quality or rank; score in tests

  • gradually

    (adv.) slowly over time

  • grand

    (adj.) magnificent or impressive; large in size

  • grant

    (v./n.) to bestow or give; a sum of money awarded

  • graphic

    (adj.) related to visual images or diagrams

  • graphics

    (n.) visual representations or images

  • greatly

    (adv.) to a large degree or extent

  • greenhouse

    (n.) building for growing plants with climate control

  • grocery

    (n.) store selling food and household items

  • guarantee

    (v./n.) a promise to ensure quality or repair

  • guideline

    (n.) recommended or official rule or principle

  • habitat

    (n.) natural environment of an organism

  • handle

    (v./n.) to manage or deal with; part of a tool

  • harbour

    (n.) sheltered port or refuge; to hold back

  • harm

    (n./v.) physical or emotional injury

  • harmful

    (adj.) causing damage or injury

  • headquarters

    (n.) main office or center of activity

  • heal

    (v.) to make healthy again

  • healthcare

    (n.) medical services for health maintenance

  • hearing

    (n.) ability to perceive sound

  • heaven

    (n.) celestial place of divine presence

  • heel

    (n.) back part of the foot

  • hell

    (n.) dark eternal punishment

  • helmet

    (n.) cover protecting head

  • hence

    (adv.) for this reason

  • herb

    (n.) plant used for flavor or medicine

  • hesitate

    (v.) pause before taking action

  • hidden

    (adj.) not visible or apparent

  • high

    (n.) at a great vertical distance

  • highway

    (n.) major road for vehicles

  • hilarious

    (adj.) very funny or amusing

  • hip

    (n.) outer part of the pelvis

  • hire

    (n.) pay to employ someone

  • historian

    (n.) person who studies history

  • hold

    (n.) grasp or carry with hands

  • hollow

    (adj.) having an empty space inside

  • holy

    (adj.) sacred or divine

  • homeless

    (adj.) without a home

  • honesty

    (n.) truthfulness and sincerity

  • honour

    (n./v.) respect and recognition

  • hook

    (n.) curved or bent object for catching

  • hopefully

    (adv.) with hope or optimism

  • host

    (v.) person hosting an event

  • house

    (v.) building for dwelling

  • household

    (n.) all residents of a house

  • housing

    (n.) shelter or accommodations

  • humorous

    (adj.) causing laughter

  • humour

    (n.) quality that makes things funny

  • hunger

    (n.) desire to eat food

  • hunt

    (n.) pursue animals for food

  • hunting

    (n.) act of seeking game

  • hurt

    (n.) cause pain or injury

  • hypothesis

    (n.) proposed explanation for phenomenon

  • icon

    (n.) symbol representing something

  • ID

    (n.) identification document

  • ideal

    (n.) perfect standard or example

  • identical

    (adj.) same in every way

  • illusion

    (n.) failure of perception or belief

  • illustrate

    (v.) clarify with images or examples

  • illustration

    (n.) visual representation or drawing

  • imagination

    (n.) ability to create mental images

  • immigration

    (n.) moving into a country

  • immune

    (adj.) resistant to disease

  • impatient

    (adj.) unable to wait calmly

  • implement

    (v.) cause to happen or be used

  • implication

    (n.) possible consequence or meaning

  • imply

    (v.) suggest indirectly

  • impose

    (v.) enforce or levitate something

  • impress

    (v.) make someone admire

  • impressed

    (adj.) feeling admiration

  • incentive

    (n.) stimulus for action

  • inch

    (n.) unit of measurement

  • incident

    (n.) event or occurrence

  • income

    (n.) money received regularly

  • incorporate

    (v.) combine into a whole

  • incorrect

    (adj.) not right or accurate

  • increasingly

    (adv.) more and more over time

  • independence

    (n.) freedom from control

  • index

    (n.) list showing information

  • indication

    (n.) sign or pointer to something

  • industrial

    (adj.) related to manufacturing

  • inevitable

    (adj.) certain to happen

  • inevitably

    (adv.) unavoidably certain

  • infection

    (n.) disease caused by germs

  • infer

    (v.) conclude based on evidence

  • inflation

    (n.) rise in prices

  • info

    (n.) short for information

  • inform

    (v.) to give or tell information

  • infrastructure

    (n.) basic physical systems

  • inhabitant

    (n.) person living in a place

  • inherit

    (v.) receive genetically or by will

  • initial

    (adj.) occurring at the beginning

  • initially

    (adv.) at first or originally

  • initiative

    (n.) first step or action

  • ink

    (n.) pigment for writing or drawing

  • inner

    (adj.) located inside or inward

  • innovation

    (n.) new or improved idea

  • innovative

    (adj.) creative and forward-thinking

  • input

    (n.) information or data entered

  • insert

    (v.) place into or between

  • insight

    (n.) deep understanding

  • insist

    (v.) firmly demand or maintain

  • inspector

    (n.) person who examines or checks

  • inspire

    (v.) to motivate or stimulate

  • install

    (v.) set up or connect equipment

  • installation

    (n.) act of installing or placing

  • instance

    (n.) specific occurrence or example

  • instant

    (adj.) happening immediately

  • instantly

    (adv.) without delay

  • institute

    (n.) organization or establishment

  • institution

    (n.) established organization

  • insurance

    (n.) coverage for financial loss

  • integrate

    (v.) combine parts into whole

  • intellectual

    (adj.) relating to the mind

  • intended

    (adj.) purposed or planned

  • intense

    (adj.) very strong or extreme

  • interact

    (v.) to communicate or work together

  • interaction

    (n.) communication or direct involvement with someone or something

  • internal

    (adj.) located within something

  • interpret

    (v.) explain the meaning of something

  • interpretation

    (n.) the act of explaining or understanding

  • interrupt

    (v.) stop temporarily during an activity

  • interval

    (n.) a pause or break between events

  • invade

    (v.) take over a place forcefully

  • invasion

    (n.) act of invading a territory

  • investigation

    (n.) formal inquiry into a matter

  • investment

    (n.) putting money into something for profit

  • investor

    (n.) person who invests money

  • isolate

    (v.) separate from others

  • isolated

    (adj.) far away from others

  • issue

    (v.) topic or problem for discussion

  • jail

    (n./v.) place for holding prisoners

  • jet

    (n.) a fast airplane or stream of fluid

  • joint

    (adj./n.) connection between two bones

  • journalism

    (n.) writing and reporting news

  • joy

    (n.) feeling of great happiness

  • judgement

    (n.) forming an opinion or conclusion

  • junior

    (adj.) lower in rank or age

  • jury

    (n.) group that decides a verdict in court

  • justice

    (n.) fairness and lawfulness

  • justify

    (v.) show morally or legally right

  • kit

    (n.) set of tools or equipment

  • labour

    (n.) physical work or effort

  • ladder

    (n.) set of steps for climbing

  • landing

    (n.) place where an aircraft touches ground

  • landscape

    (n.) visual scene of landforms and scenery

  • lane

    (n.) narrow road or path

  • largely

    (adv.) mostly or mostly

  • lately

    (adv.) recently or not long ago

  • latest

    (n.) most recent or up-to-date

  • launch

    (v./n.) start or introduce something new

  • leadership

    (n.) ability to lead or guide others

  • leaflet

    (n.) small printed paper for information

  • league

    (n.) group of sports teams competing

  • lean

    (v.) incline or bend from vertical

  • leave

    (n.) depart temporarily or permanently

  • legend

    (n.) famous story or person

  • lens

    (n.) transparent optical device for focusing light

  • level

    (v.) flat or even surface or height

  • licence

    (n.) official permit to do something

  • lifetime

    (n.) entire duration of life

  • lighting

    (n.) illumination or light sources

  • likewise

    (adv.) similarly or in the same way

  • limitation

    (n.) restriction or boundary

  • limited

    (adj.) restricted in size or extent

  • line

    (v.) series of connected points or objects

  • literally

    (adv.) exactly or word for word

  • literary

    (adj.) relating to literature or books

  • litre

    (n.) unit of volume measurement

  • litter

    (n.) waste or rubbish left around

  • lively

    (adj.) full of energy and life

  • load

    (n./v.) weight or amount carried or supported

  • loan

    (n.) borrowing money temporarily

  • logical

    (adj.) reasoned and clear thinking

  • logo

    (n.) symbol representing a brand or company

  • loose

    (adj.) not tightly fixed or held

  • lord

    (n.) noble or ruler of a territory

  • lottery

    (n.) game of chance with prize drawings

  • low

    (n.) small in height or amount

  • lower

    (v.) reduce in position or level

  • loyal

    (adj.) faithful and true to someone or something

  • lung

    (n.) organ for breathing in mammals

  • lyric

    (n.) poetry with musical rhythm

  • magnificent

    (adj.) impressively beautiful or grand

  • maintain

    (v.) keep in good condition or support

  • majority

    (n.) more than half of a total

  • make

    (n.) create or form something

  • making

    (n.) process of creating or producing

  • manufacture

    (v.) produce goods on a large scale

  • manufacturing

    (n.) mass production of goods

  • map

    (v.) visual representation of an area

  • marathon

    (n.) long-distance running race

  • margin

    (n.) distance from the edge or border

  • marker

    (n.) object or sign indicating a position

  • martial

    (adj.) relating to war or the military

  • mass

    (n./adj.) large body of matter or people

  • massive

    (adj.) large and heavy in size

  • master

    (n./v.) expert or controlling authority

  • matching

    (adj.) pairing or corresponding items

  • mate

    (n./v.) partner or friend

  • material

    (adj.) substance or fabric used to make things

  • maximum

    (adj./n.) highest possible amount or degree

  • mayor

    (n.) elected head of a city or town

  • means

    (n.) methods or resources to achieve something

  • measurement

    (n.) act of determining size or extent

  • mechanic

    (n.) specialist in machinery repair

  • mechanical

    (adj.) relating to machinery or tools

  • mechanism

    (n.) system of parts working together

  • medal

    (n.) metal award for achievement

  • medication

    (n.) drugs used for treatment or relief

  • medium

    (n.) means or channel of communication

  • melt

    (v.) becoming liquid through heating

  • membership

    (n.) belonging to a group or organization

  • memorable

    (adj.) worth being remembered

  • metaphor

    (n.) figurative comparison in language

  • military

    (adj./n.) related to armed forces or war

  • miner

    (n.) person who extracts minerals from earth

  • mineral

    (n.) solid natural substance from the earth

  • minimum

    (adj./n.) smallest amount or degree possible

  • minister

    (n.) government official or religious leader

  • minor

    (adj.) lesser or smaller in size or importance

  • minority

    (n.) smaller group within a larger population

  • miserable

    (adj.) very unhappy or uncomfortable

  • mission

    (n.) task or goal assigned to someone

  • mistake

    (v.) error or wrong action

  • mixed

    (adj.) combined or various elements together

  • mode

    (n.) method or way of doing something

  • model

    (v.) example to follow or shape

  • modest

    (adj.) humble or not boastful

  • modify

    (v.) change or alter slightly

  • monitor

    (n./v.) observe or check closely

  • monster

    (n.) giant or frightening creature

  • monthly

    (adj.) occurring or happening each month

  • monument

    (n.) structure built to honor or remember

  • moral

    (adj./n.) concerning principles of right and wrong

  • moreover

    (adv.) besides or in addition to that

  • mortgage

    (n.) loan for property purchase

  • mosque

    (n.) Muslim place of worship

  • motion

    (n.) action or movement

  • motivate

    (v.) inspire or encourage to act

  • motivation

    (n.) reason or drive to do something

  • motor

    (n./adj.) machine producing motion or power

  • mount

    (v.) climb onto or rise above

  • moving

    (adj.) causing strong feelings; emotional

  • multiple

    (adj.) many or various

  • multiply

    (v.) increase or grow in number

  • mysterious

    (adj.) something difficult to understand or explain

  • myth

    (n.) traditional story or legendary tale

  • naked

    (adj.) without clothes or covering

  • narrow

    (v.) having a small width; tight

  • nasty

    (adj.) unpleasant or disgusting

  • national

    (n.) relating to a country

  • navigation

    (n.) process of finding a way

  • nearby

    (adj./adv.) close in distance

  • neat

    (adj.) tidy or well-organized

  • necessity

    (n.) essential or needed thing

  • negative

    (n.) unfavorable or pessimistic

  • negotiate

    (v.) discuss to reach agreement

  • negotiation

    (n.) process of discussing terms

  • nerve

    (n.) courage or strength to face difficulty

  • neutral

    (adj.) unbiased or not siding

  • nevertheless

    (adv.) despite that or still

  • newly

    (adv.) recently or just now

  • nightmare

    (n.) frightening or disturbing dream

  • norm

    (n.) standard or usual practice

  • notebook

    (n.) book for notes or journaling

  • notion

    (n.) idea or belief

  • novelist

    (n.) writer of fiction books

  • nowadays

    (adv.) these days or currently

  • numerous

    (adj.) many or a lot of

  • nursing

    (adj.) caring for the sick or injured

  • nutrition

    (n.) process of nourishing or feeding

  • obesity

    (n.) excessive body fat

  • obey

    (v.) comply with rules or orders

  • object

    (v.) thing or item; oppose or resist

  • objective

    (n./adj.) goal or unbiased point of view

  • obligation

    (n.) duty or responsibility

  • observation

    (n.) act of watching or noticing

  • observe

    (v.) watch carefully or note

  • observer

    (n.) person who observes

  • obstacle

    (n.) barrier or hindrance

  • obtain

    (v.) get or acquire

  • occasionally

    (adv.) sometimes or infrequently

  • occupation

    (n.) job or profession

  • occupy

    (v.) take up space or engage in activity

  • offence

    (n.) illegal act or insult

  • offend

    (v.) cause hurt or upset feelings

  • offender

    (n.) person who commits a crime

  • offensive

    (adj.) causing hurt or displeasure

  • official

    (n.) authorized or recognized person

  • ongoing

    (adj.) continuing without stopping

  • opening

    (n.) act of creating an entrance

  • openly

    (adv.) honestly or publicly

  • opera

    (n.) dramatic musical performance

  • operate

    (v.) control or manage machinery

  • operator

    (n.) person who controls equipment

  • opponent

    (n.) adversary or rival

  • oppose

    (v.) stand against or resist

  • opposed

    (adj.) in disagreement or conflict

  • opposition

    (n.) resistance or disagreement

  • optimistic

    (adj.) hopeful or positive outlook

  • orchestra

    (n.) group of musicians playing together

  • organ

    (n.) body part or musical instrument

  • organic

    (adj.) natural or relating to organisms

  • origin

    (n.) starting point or source

  • otherwise

    (adv.) in a different way or manner

  • outcome

    (n.) result of a process or event

  • outer

    (adj.) external or outside

  • outfit

    (n.) set of clothing

  • outline

    (n./v.) general description or plan

  • output

    (n.) produce or results generated

  • outstanding

    (adj.) exceptional or remarkable

  • overall

    (adj./adv.) considering everything

  • overcome

    (v.) succeed in dealing with

  • overnight

    (adv.) during the night; suddenly

  • overseas

    (adv./adj.) in foreign countries

  • owe

    (v.) be under obligation to pay

  • ownership

    (n.) legal right to possess

  • oxygen

    (n.) essential gas for respiration

  • pace

    (n./v.) speed of movement or progress

  • package

    (v.) wrapped container for goods

  • packet

    (n.) small bundled quantity of items

  • palm

    (n.) the inner surface of the hand

  • panel

    (n.) flat surface for controlling or display

  • panic

    (n.) sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety

  • parade

    (n.) public procession for celebration or display

  • parallel

    (adj./n.) two lines running side by side

  • parliament

    (n.) legislative body of a country

  • participant

    (n.) person taking part in an activity

  • participation

    (n.) act of taking part in something

  • partly

    (adv.) partially or to some extent

  • partnership

    (n.) collaboration between two or more

  • passage

    (n.) movement through, or a section of text

  • passionate

    (adj.) showing intense emotion or love

  • password

    (n.) secret word for access or security

  • patience

    (n.) ability to wait calmly

  • patient

    (adj.) person receiving medical treatment

  • pause

    (v./n.) to temporarily stop or hesitate

  • peer

    (n.) equal in status or age; to look carefully

  • penalty

    (n.) punishment for breaking rules

  • pension

    (n.) regular retirement payment or fund

  • perceive

    (v.) to become aware of through senses

  • perception

    (n.) the way one interprets sensory info

  • permanent

    (adj.) lasting forever or very long

  • permanently

    (adv.) for all time; forever

  • permit

    (v./n.) to allow or give permission

  • perspective

    (n.) a viewpoint or way of seeing things

  • phase

    (n.) distinct stage in a process

  • phenomenon

    (n.) rare or extraordinary event

  • philosophy

    (n.) study of fundamental questions

  • pick

    (n.) to choose or select from options

  • picture

    (v.) visual representation or photo

  • pile

    (n./v.) accumulation of objects stacked up

  • pill

    (n.) small medicinal tablet or capsule

  • pitch

    (n.) to throw or level with a slope

  • pity

    (n.) feeling of compassion or sorrow

  • placement

    (n.) act of placing or position

  • plain

    (adj.) simple, not decorated or complicated

  • plot

    (v.) storyline of a narrative or land piece

  • plus

    (adj./n./conj.) indicating addition or positive aspect

  • pointed

    (adj.) having a sharp or tapered end

  • popularity

    (n.) being well-liked or admired

  • portion

    (n.) part of a whole amount

  • pose

    (v.) to hold a position or stance

  • position

    (v.) location or stance of someone or something

  • positive

    (n.) optimistic or affirmative

  • possess

    (v.) to own or have something

  • potential

    (adj./n.) capacity for future development

  • potentially

    (adv.) possibly or might happen

  • power

    (v.) ability to influence or control

  • praise

    (n./v.) expression of approval or admiration

  • precede

    (v.) to come before in time or order

  • precious

    (adj.) highly valued or expensive

  • precise

    (adj.) exact or accurate

  • precisely

    (adv.) exactly or accurately

  • predictable

    (adj.) able to be foreseen or expected

  • preference

    (n.) favored choice or option

  • pregnant

    (adj.) carrying a developing fetus

  • preparation

    (n.) act of getting ready

  • presence

    (n.) state of being somewhere

  • preserve

    (v.) to protect or maintain

  • price

    (v.) amount of money demanded

  • pride

    (n.) feeling of personal satisfaction

  • primarily

    (adv.) mainly or chiefly

  • prime

    (adj.) of the best quality or stage

  • principal

    (adj.) main or most important

  • principle

    (n.) fundamental belief or rule

  • print

    (n.) to produce text or images on paper

  • prior

    (adj.) earlier in time or order

  • priority

    (n.) something regarded as more important

  • privacy

    (n.) condition of being private

  • probability

    (n.) likelihood of something happening

  • probable

    (adj.) likely to occur

  • procedure

    (n.) established method or process

  • proceed

    (v.) to move forward or continue

  • process

    (v.) series of actions or steps

  • produce

    (n.) to create or bring forth

  • professional

    (n.) skilled in a certain field

  • programming

    (n.) writing code for computers

  • progress

    (v.) forward movement or development

  • progressive

    (adj.) advancing or developing steadily

  • prohibit

    (v.) to officially forbid or restrict

  • project

    (v.) planned undertaking or assignment

  • promising

    (adj.) showing signs of success

  • promotion

    (n.) advancement or acknowledgment

  • prompt

    (v.) to encourage or initiate; quick

  • proof

    (n.) evidence or demonstration of truth

  • proportion

    (n.) ratio or part of a whole

  • proposal

    (n.) suggested plan or idea

  • propose

    (v.) to suggest or present for consideration

  • prospect

    (n.) outlook or likelihood of success

  • protection

    (n.) act of keeping safe or shielded

  • protein

    (n.) essential nutrient for body functions

  • protester

    (n.) person opposing or demonstrating

  • psychological

    (adj.) relating to the mind or mental processes

  • psychologist

    (n.) expert studying mental health

  • psychology

    (n.) scientific study of the mind

  • publication

    (n.) printed or digital dissemination

  • publicity

    (n.) promotion or advertising to attract public attention

  • publishing

    (n.) the process of producing and distributing books or media

  • punk

    (n.) a rebellious youth subculture emphasizing individuality

  • pupil

    (n.) student in a school or educational setting

  • purchase

    (n./v.) act of buying something

  • pure

    (adj.) not mixed with any other substances or contaminants

  • purely

    (adv.) entirely or solely; simply

  • pursue

    (v.) to follow or chase something or someone

  • pursuit

    (n.) the act of chasing or pursuing

  • puzzle

    (n.) a game or problem requiring ingenuity to solve

  • questionnaire

    (n.) a set of questions for gathering information

  • racial

    (adj.) relating to race or ethnicity

  • racism

    (n.) discrimination based on race

  • racist

    (adj./n.) having discrimination against a race

  • radiation

    (n.) energy emitted from a source in waves or particles

  • rail

    (n.) bar of metal used for trains or supports

  • random

    (adj.) done without method or pattern

  • range

    (v.) variety or scope of something

  • rank

    (n./v.) position or level in a hierarchy

  • rapid

    (adj.) happening quickly

  • rapidly

    (adv.) at a fast pace

  • rat

    (n.) a rodent often used in experiments

  • rate

    (v.) a measure, quantity, or frequency

  • rating

    (n.) assessment or classification of something

  • raw

    (adj.) not processed or cooked

  • reach

    (n.) length or extent of stretching or moving

  • realistic

    (adj.) closely resembling real life

  • reasonable

    (adj.) fair and logical

  • reasonably

    (adv.) to a fair or moderate extent

  • rebuild

    (v.) to construct again after destruction

  • recall

    (v.) to remember or bring back to mind

  • receiver

    (n.) a device that receives signals or signals receiver

  • recession

    (n.) a period of economic decline

  • reckon

    (v) to think or suppose

  • recognition

    (n.) the act of identifying or acknowledging

  • recover

    (v.) to get better after illness or loss

  • recovery

    (n.) return to normal or health after difficulty

  • recruit

    (v./n.) to enlist new members or workers

  • recruitment

    (n.) process of hiring or enlisting

  • reduction

    (n.) the act of decreasing or lowering

  • referee

    (n.) official who oversees a game or contest

  • refugee

    (n.) a person fleeing danger or persecution

  • regard

    (v./n.) consideration or respect

  • regional

    (adj.) relating to a specific area or region

  • register

    (v./n.) to record information formally

  • registration

    (n.) the act of recording or enrolling

  • regret

    (v./n.) feeling sorry or disappointed

  • regulate

    (v.) to control or manage according to rules

  • regulation

    (n.) a rule or directive made by authority

  • reinforce

    (v.) to strengthen or support

  • relatively

    (adv.) comparatively; in relation to something else

  • relevant

    (adj.) closely connected or appropriate

  • relief

    (n.) relief or alleviation from distress

  • relieve

    (v.) to ease or reduce pain or burden

  • relieved

    (adj.) free from worry or discomfort

  • rely

    (v.) to depend on or trust in

  • remark

    (n./v.) a comment or remark

  • remarkable

    (adj.) worthy of attention; extraordinary

  • remarkably

    (adv.) to a noteworthy degree

  • reporting

    (n.) documenting or presenting news or information

  • representative

    (n./adj.) a person acting on behalf of others

  • reputation

    (n.) public opinion about someone's character

  • requirement

    (n.) something needed or obligatory

  • rescue

    (v./n.) to save from danger or harm

  • reserve

    (n./v.) to set aside for future use

  • resident

    (n./adj.) a person living in a particular place

  • resign

    (v.) to quit or give up a position

  • resist

    (v.) to fight against or oppose

  • resolution

    (n.) a firm decision or intent

  • resolve

    (v.) to find a solution; to settle

  • resort

    (n.) to turn to for help or solution

  • restore

    (v.) to bring back to original condition

  • restrict

    (v.) to limit or confine

  • restriction

    (n.) a limiting rule or condition

  • retail

    (n.) selling goods directly to consumers

  • retain

    (v.) to keep or hold onto

  • retirement

    (n.) the period after working life

  • reveal

    (v.) to make known or show

  • revenue

    (n.) income generated from business or taxes

  • revision

    (n.) corrected or improved version

  • revolution

    (n.) a fundamental change or upheaval

  • reward

    (n./v.) something given in return for effort or service

  • rhythm

    (n.) a regular pattern of beats or sounds

  • rid

    (v.) remove or get rid of

  • ridiculous

    (adj.) absurd or deserving mockery

  • risky

    (adj.) having a chance of loss or failure

  • rival

    (n./adj.) competitor or opponent

  • rob

    (v.) to steal by force

  • robbery

    (n.) the act of stealing using force or threat

  • rocket

    (n.) a vehicle propelled by a rocket engine

  • romance

    (n.) stories or feelings of love

  • root

    (n.) base or origin of something

  • rose

    (n.) a flower or past tense of rise

  • roughly

    (adv.) approximately or without precision

  • round

    (n.) shaped like a circle or globe

  • routine

    (adj.) usual or habitual procedure

  • rub

    (v.) to apply pressure by rubbing

  • rubber

    (n./adj.) a material elastic in nature

  • ruin

    (v./n.) destroy completely or a state of decay

  • rural

    (adj.) country-based or countryside-related

  • rush

    (v./n.) move quickly or hurriedly

  • sample

    (v.) a subset or example of a larger group

  • satellite

    (n.) an object in space orbiting a planet or star

  • satisfaction

    (n.) feeling of fulfillment or happiness

  • satisfied

    (adj.) contentment or fulfillment achieved

  • satisfy

    (v.) to fulfill needs or desires

  • saving

    (n.) set aside or conserving resources

  • scale

    (n.) a measuring device or size range

  • scandal

    (n.) public outrage caused by immoral actions

  • scare

    (v./n.) cause fear or anxiety

  • scenario

    (n.) a possible situation or sequence of events

  • schedule

    (v.) a planned timetable of activities

  • scheme

    (n.) a systematic plan or arrangement

  • scholar

    (n.) a person engaged in academic study or research

  • scholarship

    (n.) funding or grants for students' education

  • scratch

    (v./n.) mark or scrape made by scratching

  • scream

    (v./n.) loud, high-pitched cry

  • screen

    (v.) protective or display surface for imagery

  • screening

    (n.) process of evaluating or testing

  • seat

    (v.) furniture for sitting or designated place

  • sector

    (n.) distinct part of a larger area

  • secure

    (v./adj.) free from danger or risk

  • seek

    (v.) to look for or try to obtain

  • seeker

    (n.) one who searches or pursues

  • select

    (v.) pick or choose from options

  • selection

    (n.) act of choosing or a chosen group

  • self

    (n.) identity or individual personality

  • seminar

    (n.) educational meeting or conference

  • senior

    (adj.) person at an advanced age or rank

  • sense

    (v.) meaning or awareness; sensory perception

  • sensitive

    (adj.) easily affected or responsive

  • sentence

    (v.) grammatical unit expressing a complete thought

  • sequence

    (n.) order in which things happen

  • session

    (n.) period of time dedicated to activity

  • settle

    (v.) to resolve or establish in place

  • settler

    (n.) person who moves to new land

  • severe

    (adj.) intense or extreme in severity

  • severely

    (adv.) to a great degree or extent

  • sexy

    (adj.) sexually attractive or alluring

  • shade

    (n.) cool dark area caused by obstruction of light

  • shadow

    (n.) dark shape cast by block of light

  • shallow

    (adj.) lacking depth or complexity

  • shame

    (n.) feeling of guilt or embarrassment

  • shape

    (v.) external form or outline

  • shaped

    (adj.) made to have a specific form

  • shelter

    (n./v.) place providing protection from elements

  • shift

    (v.) to change position or direction

  • ship

    (v.) vessel used for transporting goods or people

  • shock

    (n./v.) sudden upset or surprise

  • shocked

    (adj.) feeling sudden surprise or distress

  • shocking

    (adj.) cause of shock or horror

  • shooting

    (n.) act of firing a gun or taking a photo

  • shore

    (n.) land along the edge of a body of water

  • shortage

    (n.) lack of sufficient supply

  • shortly

    (adv.) in a short time or soon

  • shot

    (n.) past tense of shoot; a single bullet or film scene

  • sibling

    (n.) brother or sister

  • signature

    (n.) personal mark or name used to authorize

  • significance

    (n.) importance or meaningfulness

  • significant

    (adj.) noteworthy or consequential

  • significantly

    (adv.) considerably or importantly

  • silence

    (n.) absence of noise or sound

  • silk

    (n.) fine, soft fiber from silkworms

  • sincere

    (adj.) genuine, heartfelt, honest

  • skilled

    (adj.) possessing expertise or ability

  • skull

    (n.) bone structure forming the head

  • slave

    (n.) person owned and forced to work

  • slide

    (v./n.) slide along a surface or a sliding movement

  • slight

    (adj.) small in degree or weight

  • slip

    (v.) slide unintentionally or for a short distance

  • slogan

    (n.) short phrase representing an idea or campaign

  • slope

    (n./v.) inclined surface or angle

  • solar

    (adj.) relating to the sun or sunlight

  • somehow

    (adv.) in some way or manner

  • sometime

    (adv.) at an unspecified future time

  • somewhat

    (adv.) to a small degree or extent

  • sophisticated

    (adj.) complex or refined

  • soul

    (n.) immortal essence of a person

  • spare

    (adj.) extra or additional; to give away or save

  • specialist

    (n./adj.) expert in a particular field

  • specialize

    (v.) to focus on a specific area

  • species

    (n.) a group of related organisms

  • specify

    (v.) to state precisely or detail

  • spectacular

    (adj.) impressive or sensational to view

  • spectator

    (n.) person watching an event

  • speculate

    (v.) to form theories without complete proof

  • speculation

    (n.) conjecture or risky investment

  • speed

    (v.) rate of movement or action

  • spice

    (n.) seasoning derived from plants

  • spill

    (v.) accidentally pour out liquid

  • spiritual

    (adj.) relating to the soul or religion

  • spite

    (n.) malicious desire to harm or annoy

  • split

    (v./n.) to divide into parts or sections

  • spoil

    (v.) to decay or ruin; to be spoiled

  • spokesman

    (n.) a male representative speaking publicly

  • spokesperson

    (n.) official speaker representing a group

  • spokeswoman

    (n.) female representative speaker

  • sponsor

    (v./n.) person or organization that supports

  • sponsorship

    (n.) financial support or backing

  • sporting

    (adj.) related to sports or physical games

  • spot

    (v.) small area or mark on surface

  • spread

    (n.) extend over area or range

  • stable

    (adj.) not likely to change or move

  • stage

    (v.) part of process or development

  • stall

    (n.) standstill or booth for selling goods

  • stance

    (n.) position or viewpoint

  • stand

    (n.) be in an upright position

  • stare

    (v.) look fixedly or vacantly

  • starve

    (v.) suffer from hunger or lack of food

  • status

    (n.) relative social or professional position

  • steadily

    (adv.) at a consistent, slow pace

  • steady

    (adj.) firm or constant in movement

  • steam

    (n.) hot vapor or vaporize water

  • steel

    (n.) strong metal alloy of iron and carbon

  • steep

    (adj.) rising or falling sharply

  • step

    (v.) move by lifting foot

  • sticky

    (adj.) adhesive or tacky substance

  • stiff

    (adj.) rigid or difficult to bend

  • stimulate

    (v.) encourage or arouse activity

  • stock

    (n.) share of ownership or supply of goods

  • stream

    (n.) flowing body of water or continuous movement

  • strengthen

    (v.) make stronger or more powerful

  • stretch

    (v./n.) reach out or extend

  • strict

    (adj.) firm or uncompromising

  • strictly

    (adv.) precisely or solely

  • strike

    (v./n.) hit forcibly or Protest

  • stroke

    (n.) single movement or touch

  • structure

    (v.) constructed building or arrangement

  • struggle

    (v./n.) make strenuous effort or fight

  • stuff

    (v.) material or substance

  • stunning

    (adj.) amazingly beautiful or impressive

  • subject

    (adj.) topic or person under consideration

  • submit

    (v.) accept or yield or present

  • subsequent

    (adj.) following in time or order

  • subsequently

    (adv.) afterward or later

  • suburb

    (n.) residential area outside city

  • suffering

    (n.) pain or distress

  • sufficient

    (adj.) enough or adequate

  • sufficiently

    (adv.) to an adequate extent

  • sum

    (n./v.) total amount or sum up

  • super

    (adj.) beyond or above ordinary

  • surgeon

    (n.) medical doctor performing surgery

  • surgery

    (n.) medical operation

  • surround

    (v.) encircle or enclose

  • surrounding

    (adj.) area around something

  • survey

    (v.) inspection or collection of data

  • survival

    (n.) continuance of life or existence

  • survivor

    (n.) person who lives through something

  • suspect

    (v./n.) doubt or believe something is wrong

  • suspend

    (v.) hang or temporarily stop

  • sustainable

    (adj.) maintainable or eco-friendly

  • swallow

    (v.) consume or make go down

  • swear

    (v.) utter profane or vows

  • sweep

    (v.) clean or brush with a broom

  • switch

    (n.) change or shift

  • sympathetic

    (adj.) feeling compassion or understanding

  • sympathy

    (n.) feelings of pity or compassion

  • tackle

    (v.) equipment or deal with a problem

  • tag

    (n./v.) label or identifier

  • tale

    (n.) story or narration

  • tank

    (n.) large container or fighting vehicle

  • tap

    (v./n.) knock or faucet for water

  • target

    (v.) aim or goal to reach

  • tear

    (v./n.) rip or a drop of eye fluid

  • technological

    (adj.) related to technology

  • teens

    (n.) youth aged thirteen to nineteen

  • temple

    (n.) place of worship or side of head

  • temporarily

    (adv.) for a limited time

  • temporary

    (adj.) lasting for a short period

  • tendency

    (n.) inclination or trend

  • tension

    (n.) mental or physical stress

  • term

    (v.) word or period of time

  • terminal

    (n.) end point or computer interface

  • terms

    (n.) conditions or expressions

  • terribly

    (adv.) extremely or very badly

  • terrify

    (v.) frighten greatly

  • territory

    (n.) area owned or controlled

  • terror

    (n.) intense fear or horror

  • terrorism

    (n.) use of violence for political goals

  • terrorist

    (n.) person who commits terrorism

  • testing

    (n.) examining or assessing

  • textbook

    (n.) educational book

  • theft

    (n.) stealing property

  • therapist

    (n.) professional who treats mental health

  • therapy

    (n.) treatment to improve health

  • thesis

    (n.) supposedly main argument or research

  • thorough

    (adj.) complete or detailed

  • thoroughly

    (adv.) completely or meticulously

  • threat

    (n.) danger or warning of harm

  • threaten

    (v.) indicate potential harm

  • thumb

    (n.) short finger on hand

  • thus

    (adv.) consequently or therefore

  • time

    (v.) measured in seconds, minutes, hours

  • timing

    (n.) choosing right moment

  • tissue

    (n.) group of similar cells

  • title

    (v.) name of a work or position

  • ton

    (n.) unit of weight or force

  • tone

    (n.) quality of sound or attitude

  • tonne

    (n.) metric unit of mass

  • tough

    (adj.) difficult or strong

  • tournament

    (n.) sports competition

  • trace

    (v.) mark or layout of something, often faint or hidden

  • track

    (v.) course or path followed by moving object or person

  • trading

    (n.) buying and selling goods or services for profit

  • tragedy

    (n.) serious and distressing event causing suffering

  • tragic

    (adj.) causing deep sadness or distress

  • trait

    (n.) distinguishing characteristic or feature of someone or something

  • transfer

    (v./n.) moving from one place or state to another

  • transform

    (v.) change in form, appearance, or nature

  • transition

    (n.) process of changing from one state to another

  • transmit

    (v.) to send or pass from one place or person to another

  • transportation

    (n.) movement of people or goods from place to place

  • trap

    (v./n.) device for catching or confining someone or something

  • treasure

    (n.) valuable item or collection of valuables

  • trial

    (n.) legal process to determine guilt or innocence

  • tribe

    (n.) social group sharing common culture and ancestry

  • trigger

    (v.) button or mechanism that initiates a function

  • trillion

    (number) number equal to 1,000,000,000,000

  • trip

    (v.) journal journey or short travel; stumble or fall

  • troop

    (n.) soldiers or a group of persons acting together

  • tropical

    (adj.) relating to warm, humid regions near the equator

  • trouble

    (v.) difficulty or problem causing concern or distress

  • truly

    (adv.) in a genuine or authentic manner

  • trust

    (n./v.) confidence in the honesty or integrity of someone

  • try

    (n.) make an effort to do or accomplish something

  • tsunami

    (n.) large sea wave caused by underwater earthquake

  • tune

    (n.) musical note or melody; adjust for proper sound

  • tunnel

    (n.) underground passage under the ground or water

  • ultimate

    (adj.) final or most important; greatest possible

  • ultimately

    (adv.) eventually or in the end

  • unacceptable

    (adj.) inadmissible or not tolerable

  • uncertainty

    (n.) lack of definite knowledge or assurance

  • unconscious

    (adj.) lacking awareness or conscious control

  • undergo

    (v.) experience or endure something difficult

  • undertake

    (v.) commit to do or begin a task or project

  • unexpected

    (adj.) not predicted or anticipated

  • unfold

    (v.) spread out or develop over time

  • unfortunate

    (adj.) regrettable or cause of distress

  • unique

    (adj.) one of a kind; unlike anything else

  • unite

    (v.) bring together or combine into one

  • unity

    (n.) harmony or agreement within a group

  • universal

    (adj.) applicable everywhere or to all things

  • universe

    (n.) totality of everything that exists

  • unknown

    (adj.) not familiar or identified; mysterious

  • upper

    (adj.) higher in position or level

  • upwards

    (adv.) toward a higher place or position

  • urban

    (adj.) relating to cities or town areas

  • urge

    (v.) intense desire or impulse to do something

  • urgent

    (adj.) requiring immediate attention or action

  • usage

    (n.) method or manner of using something

  • useless

    (adj.) not functional or effective; futile

  • valid

    (adj.) legally or logically acceptable or sound

  • value

    (v.) importance, worth, or usefulness of something

  • variation

    (n.) difference or alteration in form or appearance

  • vary

    (v.) differ or change in condition or form

  • vast

    (adj.) enormous or extremely large in size

  • venue

    (n.) location where an event or gathering takes place

  • vertical

    (adj.) positioned upright or at right angles to the ground

  • very

    (adj.) to a high degree or extent

  • via

    (prep.) by way of or through a route

  • victory

    (n.) success in a contest or struggle

  • viewpoint

    (n.) personal perspective or attitude

  • violence

    (n.) use of physical force causing harm or damage

  • virtual

    (adj.) having the essence or effect but not actual

  • visa

    (n.) authorization to enter or stay in a country

  • visible

    (adj.) easily seen or noticed

  • vision

    (n.) ability to see or a mental picture of the future

  • visual

    (adj.) related to seeing or sight

  • vital

    (adj.) essential for life or operation

  • vitamin

    (n.) nutritive substance necessary for health

  • volume

    (n.) amount of space occupied or sound level

  • voluntary

    (adj.) done freely without coercion

  • voting

    (n.) casting ballots to choose or decide

  • wage

    (n.) fixed regular payment for work or services

  • wander

    (v.) move aimlessly or without direction

  • warming

    (n.) process of heating or increasing temperature

  • way

    (adv.) method, or route for reaching a destination

  • weakness

    (n.) lack of strength or power

  • wealth

    (n.) abundance of valuable resources or riches

  • wealthy

    (adj.) possessing a large amount of wealth

  • weekly

    (adj.) occurring once a week or every week

  • weird

    (adj.) strange or unusual in appearance or behavior

  • welfare

    (n.) state of well-being and health

  • wheat

    (n.) cereal grain used for flour and food

  • whereas

    (conj.) conjunction comparing two facts or ideas

  • wherever

    (conj.) in any place or location

  • whisper

    (v./n.) to speak softly or quietly

  • whoever

    (pron.) any person regardless of identity

  • whom

    (pron.) used as object of a verb or preposition

  • widely

    (adv.) broadly or extensively

  • widespread

    (adj.) found over a large area or population

  • wildlife

    (n.) animals and plants in their natural environment

  • willing

    (adj.) ready or enthusiastic to do something

  • wind

    (v.) moving air; natural movement of air in atmosphere

  • wire

    (n.) thin metal strand used for electrical or support purposes

  • wisdom

    (n.) knowledge and good judgment applied practically

  • wise

    (adj.) possessing experience and good judgment

  • withdraw

    (v.) remove or take back something or oneself

  • witness

    (n./v.) person who sees an event happen

  • workforce

    (n.) the collective group of workers or employees

  • workplace

    (n.) location where one performs their job

  • workshop

    (n.) a room or building in which goods are manufactured or repaired

  • worm

    (n.) creeping or burrowing invertebrate animals with long, slender soft bodies and no limbs.

  • worse

    (n.) more severe or serious; of poorer quality

  • worst

    (n.) most severe or serious; least favorable

  • worth

    (n.) value or importance of something

  • wound

    (n./v.) an injury to body tissue

  • wrap

    (v.) to cover or enclose with a material

  • wrist

    (n.) joint connecting hand and forearm

  • wrong

    (n.) not correct or true; incorrect

  • yet

    (conj.) up to this time; still

  • zone

    (n.) an area with defined boundaries