Medical Vocabulary

Classify by Letter Classify by Lesson Start Quiz

  • abdominal enlargement

    (n.) swelling or increase in abdomen size, often abnormal

  • abdominal pain

    (n.) discomfort or pain originating in the abdomen

  • ablative therapy

    (n.) treatment destroying tissue or cells, often cancerous

  • abortion

    (n.) termination of pregnancy before fetal viability

  • ache all over

    (n.) widespread pain or discomfort throughout the body

  • achlorhydria

    (n.) absence or low stomach acid production

  • acid regurgitated from stomach

    (v.) stomach acid flowed back into esophagus

  • acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

    (n.) late stage HIV infection weakening immune system

  • acupuncturist

    (n.) practitioner of acupuncture for pain or health issues

  • acute hepatitis

    (n.) rapid-onset liver inflammation causing symptoms

  • acute pain

    (n.) sudden severe pain requiring immediate attention

  • addiction

    (n.) compulsive dependence on a substance or activity

  • adenocarcinoma

    (n.) cancer originating in glandular tissue

  • adjuvant therapy

    (n.) additional treatment aiding primary therapy effectiveness

  • admitting office

    (n.) facility where patients are registered and examined

  • adrenal gland

    (n.) endocrine gland on kidney producing hormones

  • adrenal glands

    (n.) paired glands atop kidneys producing hormones

  • advance care planning

    (n.) preparing for future healthcare preferences

  • advance directives

    (n.) legal documents expressing healthcare wishes

  • advance health care directive

    (n.) instructions for future medical treatment

  • aflatoxin

    (n.) toxic substance from mold contaminating food

  • aggressive lymphomas

    (n.) rapidly progressing blood cancers of lymphatic system

  • alcohol injection

    (n.) method to treat nerve or varicose veins

  • allergic

    (adj.) having hypersensitive immune response to substances

  • allergic contact dermatitis

    (n.) skin reaction from allergen contact

  • allergic rhinitis

    (n.) allergy causing sneezing and nasal congestion

  • allergist

    (n.) doctor specializing in allergies and immune responses

  • allergy

    (n.) immune system overreaction to harmless substances

  • alopecia

    (n.) hair loss condition

  • alpha feto protein

    (n.) see alpha-fetoprotein

  • alternative medicine

    (n.) non-conventional health treatment methods

  • alternative therapy

    (n.) different approach from standard medical treatment

  • alveolar

    (adj.) relating to tiny air sacs in lungs or tooth sockets

  • alveolus

    (n.) small air sac in lungs for gas exchange

  • ambulance paramedic

    (n.) emergency medical technician in ambulance

  • amenorrhea

    (n.) absence of menstrual periods

  • analgesic

    (n.) medication to relieve pain

  • anastomosis

    (n.) surgical connection between two structures

  • androgen

    (n.) male hormone influencing secondary characteristics

  • androgen blockade

    (n.) inhibits male hormone effects

  • anemia

    (n.) deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

  • anesthesia

    (n.) loss of sensation during surgery

  • anesthesiologist

    (n.) doctor administering anesthesia

  • anesthetist

    (n.) healthcare professional providing anesthesia care

  • aneuploid

    (adj.) cell with abnormal chromosome number

  • aneurysm

    (n.) abnormal bulge in blood vessel wall

  • angina

    (n.) chest pain due to reduced blood flow to heart

  • angiogenesis

    (n.) formation of new blood vessels

  • angiogenesis inhibitor

    (n.) substance blocking new blood vessel growth

  • angiogram

    (n.) X-ray image of blood vessels

  • angioplasty

    (n.) procedure to widen narrowed blood vessels

  • anorexia

    (n.) lack of appetite or eating disorder

  • antiandrogen

    (n.) drug blocking male hormones' effects

  • antibiotic

    (n.) medicine fighting bacterial infections

  • antibody

    (n.) immune protein recognizing foreign substances

  • antidepressant

    (n.) medication treating depression

  • antiemetic

    (n.) prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting

  • antiestrogen

    (n.) hormone blocking estrogen effects

  • antigen

    (n.) substance triggering immune response

  • antimetabolites

    (n.) drugs inhibiting cell metabolism, cancer treatment

  • antioxidants

    (n.) molecules preventing cell damage from free radicals

  • anxiety

    (n.) feelings of worry or unease

  • aorta

    (n.) main artery delivering blood from heart

  • aphthous ulcer

    (n.) painful mouth sore also known as canker sore

  • apoplexy

    (n.) sudden neurological blockage or bleeding in brain

  • apoptosis

    (n.) programmed cell death process

  • appendicitis

    (n.) inflammation of the appendix

  • appendix

    (n.) small pouch attached to large intestine

  • appetite

    (n.) desire to eat food

  • areola of nipple

    (n.) pigmented skin around nipple

  • arrhythmia

    (n.) irregular heartbeat

  • arteriosclerosis

    (n.) thickening and hardening of arteries

  • artery

    (n.) blood vessel carrying oxygen-rich blood

  • artificial nutrition and hydration

    (n.) medically provided food and fluids

  • artificial ventilation

    (n.) mechanical breathing support

  • ascites

    (n.) fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity

  • aspiration

    (n.) inhaling foreign material or fluid

  • asthma

    (n.) airway inflammation causing breathing difficulty

  • astigmatism

    (n.) blurred vision due to corneal shape distortion

  • asymptomatic

    (adj.) showing no symptoms of disease

  • atelectasis

    (n.) lung collapse or incomplete expansion

  • athletes foot

    (n.) fungal skin infection between toes

  • atrium

    (n.) heart chamber receiving blood

  • attendant physician

    (n.) doctor responsible for patient care

  • atypical

    (adj.) not typical or usual

  • audiologist

    (n.) specialist in hearing and balance disorders

  • autoimmune disease

    (n.) immune system attacks own body

  • autologous bone marrow transplantation

    (n.) patient’s own marrow used for transplant

  • axilla

    (n.) armpit region

  • axillary dissection

    (n.) removal of lymph nodes in armpit

  • b lymphocytes

    (n.) immune cells producing antibodies

  • back pain

    (n.) discomfort in spinal back area

  • bad breath

    (n.) unpleasant oral odor

  • baldness

    (n.) hair loss condition

  • basal cell carcinoma

    (n.) common skin cancer

  • basic science

    (n.) fundamental scientific research

  • beating extremely fast

    (v.) rapid heartbeat or pulse

  • bedsore sore

    (n.) pressure ulcer from prolonged pressure skin injury

  • behavioral research

    (n.) study of actions and reactions of humans or animals

  • benign

    (adj.) harmful non-cancerous growth or condition

  • benign prostate hypertrophy

    (n.) enlargement of prostate gland non-cancerous

  • benign prostatic hyperplasia

    (n.) non-cancerous prostate gland enlargement

  • benign tumor

    (n.) non-cancerous abnormal tissue growth

  • bereavement

    (n.) period of grief after loss of loved one

  • bereavement support

    (n.) assistance for the grieving process

  • bilateral

    (adj.) relating to both sides of the body

  • bile

    (n.) fluid digest fats produced by liver

  • bile duct

    (n.) tube carrying bile from liver to intestines

  • bioethics

    (n.) study of ethical issues in biology and medicine

  • biofeedback therapy

    (n.) training using electronic monitoring to control body functions

  • biologic response modifiers

    (n.) agents altering immune response to fight disease

  • biologic therapy

    (n.) treatment using living organisms or substances

  • biological therapy

    (n.) treatment modulating biological processes to combat disease

  • biomarkers

    (n.) biological indicators for disease detection or prognosis

  • biopsy

    (n.) sample tissue removal for examination

  • biotherapy

    (n.) treatment using biological agents or organisms

  • birthmark

    (n.) noticeable skin coloration present at birth

  • bitter taste

    (n.) taste sensation perceived as sharp or harsh

  • black out

    (n.) temporary loss of vision or consciousness

  • bladder

    (n.) organ storing urine in the body

  • bladder neck

    (n.) area where bladder connects to urethra

  • bladder stone

    (n.) solid mass formed in the bladder

  • bleeding from anus

    (n.) rectal bleeding or hematochezia

  • blepharitis

    (n.) inflammation of eyelid margins

  • blirbin

    (n.) unspecified; possibly a typo or obscure term

  • bloated

    (adj.) swollen or distended due to gas or fluid

  • blood chemistry studies

    (n.) lab tests analyzing blood components

  • blood clots in my menstruation

    (n.) clots present during menstrual bleeding

  • blood count

    (n.) measurement of blood cells in sample

  • blood in stool

    (n.) hematochezia indicating bleeding in gastrointestinal tract

  • blood vessel

    (n.) tube carrying blood throughout the body

  • bloody stool

    (n.) stool containing blood from gastrointestinal bleeding

  • blurred vision

    (n.) loss of clear sight

  • bone marrow

    (n.) soft tissue inside bones producing blood cells

  • bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

    (n.) collecting samples for testing marrow health

  • bone marrow transplant

    (n.) procedure replacing damaged marrow

  • bone scan

    (n.) imaging test for bones using radioactive tracers

  • bone survey

    (n.) comprehensive imaging of bones

  • bowel movement

    (n.) defecation or stool passage

  • brachytherapy

    (n.) cancer treatment with internal radiation

  • brain

    (n.) organ controlling body functions and thoughts

  • brain death

    (n.) irreversible loss of brain activity

  • brain scan

    (n.) imaging of brain structure/function

  • brain tumor

    (n.) abnormal growth within brain tissue

  • breast cancer

    (n.) malignant tumor of breast tissue

  • breast conservation therapy

    (n.) surgery preserving most of breast tissue

  • breast engorgement

    (n.) swelling and fullness of the breast

  • breast implant

    (n.) device placed in breast to alter size/shape

  • breast reconstruction

    (n.) surgical repair after mastectomy

  • bronchial

    (adj.) relating to bronchi or airways

  • bronchiectasis

    (n.) chronic widening of airways

  • bronchioalveolar carcinoma

    (n.) lung cancer in alveoli and airways

  • bronchiolus

    (n.) small airway branch in lungs

  • bronchitis

    (n.) inflammation of bronchial tubes

  • bronchoalveolar carcinoma

    (n.) a rare type of lung cancer which originates in the alveoli

  • bronchogenic carcinoma

    (n.) lung cancer originating in bronchi

  • bronchopneumonia

    (n.) lungs' inflammation affecting alveoli

  • bronchoscope

    (n.) instrument for viewing airways

  • bronchoscopy

    (n.) procedure examining airways via bronchoscope

  • bronchus

    (n.) large airway in lungs connecting trachea

  • bruise

    (n.) area of blood under skin from injury

  • burkitt leukemia

    (n.) aggressive childhood cancer of B-cells

  • burkitt lymphoma

    (n.) fast-growing B-cell lymphoma

  • burn

    (n.) injury caused by heat, chemicals, or electricity

  • burning feeling in chest

    (n.) heartburn or chest discomfort

  • burning feeling when urinating

    (n.) pain during urination

  • burning pain

    (n.) persistent burning sensation

  • burning pain in anus

    (n.) discomfort in anal area

  • burning pain in ears

    (n.) persistent earache

  • calcification

    (n.) accumulation of calcium deposits

  • calcifications

    (n.) plural of calcification mineral deposits

  • calculus

    (n.) stone formation in body organs

  • cancer

    (n.) malignant abnormal cell growth

  • cancer care team

    (n.) group managing cancer treatment

  • cancer cell

    (n.) abnormal rapidly dividing cell

  • cancer susceptibility genes

    (n.) genes increasing cancer risk

  • cancer vaccine

    (n.) prevents or treats cancer

  • candida vaginal infection

    (n.) yeast infection in vagina

  • canine

    (adj.) relating to dogs

  • canker sore

    (n.) painful oral ulcer

  • capsule

    (n.) gelatin shell enclosing medication

  • carcinoembryonic antigen

    (n.) cancer marker protein

  • carcinogen

    (n.) cause of cancer formation

  • carcinoma

    (n.) cancer originating in epithelial tissue

  • carcinoma in situ

    (n.) early-stage non-invasive cancer

  • cardiac arrest

    (n.) a sudden loss of heart function and blood flow

  • cardiac asthma

    (n.) wheezing caused by heart failure

  • cardiac care unit

    (n.) hospital area for heart patients

  • cardio pulmonary resuscitation

    (n.) emergency chest compressions and breaths

  • cardiologist

    (n.) doctor specializing in heart diseases

  • cardiology

    (n.) study of heart and blood vessels

  • cardiovascular

    (adj.) relating to heart and blood vessels

  • carina

    (n.) ridge where trachea splits into bronchi

  • cartilage

    (n.) flexible connective tissue in joints

  • case manager

    (n.) oversees patient care coordination

  • casodex

    (n.) medication for prostate cancer

  • castration

    (n.) removal of testes or ovaries

  • cataract

    (n.) clouded lens in the eye

  • catheter

    (n.) tube for fluid removal or delivery

  • cavity

    (n.) hollow space within body or tooth

  • cell

    (n.) smallest unit of living organization

  • cell cycle

    (n.) process of cell growth and division

  • central nervous system

    (n.) brain and spinal cord system

  • ceramic crown

    (n.) tooth cap made of ceramic material

  • cerebellum

    (n.) brain part controlling coordination

  • cerebral embolism

    (n.) blocked blood vessel in brain

  • cerebral hemorrhage

    (n.) bleeding in the brain

  • cerebral ischemia

    (n.) lack of blood flow to brain

  • cerebral thrombosis

    (n.) blood clot in brain vessel

  • cerebrospinal fluid

    (n.) fluid cushioning brain and spinal cord

  • cerebrum

    (n.) largest brain part controlling thought

  • cerumen

    (n.) earwax substance

  • cervical polyp

    (n.) growth on cervix tissue

  • cervicitis

    (n.) inflammation of the cervix

  • cervix

    (n.) lower part of uterus

  • cesarean section

    (n.) surgical delivery of baby

  • chaplain

    (n.) religious support person in hospital

  • chemoembolization

    (n.) targeted cancer treatment procedure

  • chemoprevention

    (n.) use of substances to prevent cancer

  • chemotherapy

    (n.) cancer treatment with drugs

  • chest burning

    (n.) burning sensation in chest

  • chest feels tight

    (adj.) sensation of constriction in chest

  • chest pain

    (n.) discomfort in chest area

  • chest radiograph

    (n.) X-ray of chest

  • chest tight

    (adj.) feeling of chest constriction

  • chest tube

    (n.) device removing air or fluid from chest

  • chest wall

    (n.) muscles and bones of the thorax

  • chills

    (n.) shivering due to fever or cold

  • chiropractor

    (n.) health professional aligning spine

  • choke

    (v.) obstruct airway preventing breathing

  • cholangiocarcinoma

    (n.) bile duct cancer

  • cholangitis

    (n.) inflammation of bile ducts

  • cholecystitis

    (n.) gallbladder inflammation

  • cholera

    (n.) acute diarrheal disease caused by bacteria

  • chromosome

    (n.) DNA structure carrying genetic info

  • chronic active

    (adj.) persistent ongoing condition

  • chronic hepatitis

    (n.) long-term liver inflammation

  • chronic persistent hepatitis

    (n.) continuous liver inflammation

  • cirrhosis

    (n.) liver scarring from long-term damage

  • cirrhosis of liver

    (n.) advanced liver scarring

  • clear throat

    (v.) attempt to remove throat mucus

  • clinical breast examination

    (n.) physical breast check

  • clinical pathologist

    (n.) doctor studying lab samples

  • clinical psychologist

    (n.) mental health professional

  • clinical trials

    (n.) research studies testing treatments

  • cloudy yellow urine

    (n.) opaque urine with yellow tint

  • cns prophylaxis

    (n.) prevention of central nervous system disease

  • coagulopathy

    (n.) blood clotting disorder

  • coagurgical ablation

    (n.) tissue destruction via heat or cold

  • coffee color or brown urine

    (adj.) dark urine appearance

  • cold sweating

    (n.) sweating due to cold or fear

  • colectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of colon

  • colic

    (n.) severe abdominal pain

  • colitis

    (n.) inflammation of the colon

  • colonoscopy

    (n.) camera exam of colon interior

  • colony stimulating factors

    (n.) medications boosting blood cell production

  • color blindness

    (n.) inability to distinguish certain colors

  • colostomy

    (n.) surgically created opening for waste

  • coma

    (n.) prolonged state of unconsciousness

  • combined modality therapy

    (n.) using multiple treatments together

  • comfort care

    (n.) supportive treatment improving comfort

  • common cold

    (n.) mild respiratory infection

  • communication

    (n.) exchange of information

  • community health nurse

    (n.) public health-focused nurse

  • competent

    (adj.) capable; having necessary skills

  • complementary therapy

    (n.) alternative health treatment

  • complete blood count

    (n.) blood test measuring cells

  • computed tomography scan

    (n.) detailed cross-sectional imaging

  • concussion

    (n.) mild brain injury from impact

  • concussion of the brain

    (n.) mild traumatic brain injury

  • cone biopsy

    (n.) removal of cervical tissue for diagnosis

  • conformal radiotherapy

    (n.) precisely targeted radiation therapy

  • confusion

    (n.) disorientation or mental fog

  • congenital heart disease

    (n.) heart defects present at birth

  • conization

    (n.) surgical removal of cervix tissue

  • conjunctivitis

    (n.) pink eye inflammation

  • connective tissue

    (n.) tissue supporting organs and muscles

  • constipation

    (n.) difficulty stooling

  • continuous pain

    (n.) ongoing discomfort

  • contusion

    (n.) skin bruise from trauma

  • convulsion

    (n.) involuntary muscular spasms

  • cor pulmonale

    (n.) right heart failure due to lung disease

  • cordectomy

    (n.) removal of vocal cords

  • core biopsy

    (n.) sampling of tissue core from organ

  • corn

    (n.) thickened skin over toe or finger

  • cornea

    (n.) transparent eye covering guiding light to retina

  • coronary heart disease

    (n.) heart condition from narrowed coronary arteries

  • coronary occlusion

    (n.) blockage of coronary artery restricting blood flow

  • corticosteroid

    (n.) anti-inflammatory hormone medication

  • cough

    (n.) forceful expulsion of air from lungs

  • cough a lot

    (n.) frequent strong coughing spells

  • cramp in my legs

    (n.) sudden muscle contraction causing pain

  • cramping pain

    (n.) involuntary muscle pain

  • crown

    (n.) dental cap placed over tooth for protection

  • crushing pain

    (n.) intense, squeezing pain sensation

  • cryoablation

    (n.) destruction of tissue with extreme cold

  • cryosurgery

    (n.) surgical destruction using freezing temperatures

  • cryotherapy

    (n.) treatment using freezing temperatures for tissue removal

  • ct guided needle biopsy

    (n.) imaging-assisted tissue sample extraction

  • curette

    (n.) instrument for scraping tissue or cells

  • cyanosis

    (n.) bluish skin from low oxygen levels

  • cyst

    (n.) fluid-filled sac in the body

  • cystitis

    (n.) bladder infection causing inflammation

  • cystoscopy

    (n.) examining bladder with a thin camera through urethra

  • cytogenetic

    (adj.) study of chromosomes' structure and function

  • cytokine

    (n.) signaling protein involved in immune response

  • cytology

    (n.) study of cells for disease diagnosis

  • cytometry

    (n.) measurement of cell characteristics

  • cytotoxic

    (adj.) cell-killing or tissue-damaging substance

  • dacryocystitis

    (n.) infection of tear sac in the eye

  • dazed condition

    (n.) state of confusion or disorientation

  • death and dying

    (n.) processes and experiences of-end of life

  • delirium

    (n.) sudden confusion or altered mental state

  • delivery

    (n.) process of giving birth

  • delivery room

    (n.) hospital room for childbirth

  • dental abscess

    (n.) pus-filled dental infection

  • dental calculus

    (n.) hardened plaque on teeth

  • dental clinic

    (n.) facility for dental treatment

  • dental surgeon

    (n.) dentist performing surgical procedures

  • dentist

    (n.) oral health care professional

  • dentistry

    (n.) field of dental medicine and treatment

  • denture

    (n.) removable dental prosthesis

  • denturist

    (n.) technician fitting and designing dentures

  • deoxyribonucleic acid

    (n.) genetic material in organisms

  • depression

    (n.) persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness

  • dermatitis

    (n.) inflammation of the skin

  • dermatologist

    (n.) skin specialist doctor

  • dermatology

    (n.) medical field focusing on skin issues

  • detection

    (n.) discovering or identifying a condition

  • diabetes

    (n.) high blood sugar disease

  • diabetic retinopathy

    (n.) diabetes-related eye damage

  • diagnosis

    (n.) identifying a disease or condition

  • diagnostic radiologist

    (n.) interprets medical imaging tests

  • diaper

    (n.) absorbent garment for infants or incontinence

  • diaphragm

    (n.) sheet of muscle aiding breathing or contraceptive device

  • diaphragma

    (n.) anatomical muscular partition separating chest and abdomen

  • diarrhea

    (n.) frequent watery bowel movements

  • diarrhoea

    (n.) British term for frequent watery bowel movements

  • diethylstilbestrol

    (n.) synthetic estrogen hormonal drug

  • dietician

    (n.) nutrition expert providing dietary guidance

  • dietitian

    (n.) professional specializing in diet and nutrition

  • differentiation

    (n.) process of cells developing specialized functions

  • difficulty in hearing

    (n.) hearing impairment or loss

  • difficulty in swallowing

    (n.) dysphagia or swallowing problems

  • digestive system

    (n.) organs involved in processing food

  • digital rectal examination

    (n.) finger exam of rectum and prostate

  • dilatation and curettage

    (n.) uterine scraping procedure

  • dilation and curettage of uterus

    (n.) uterine tissue removal process

  • dimpling

    (n.) skin depression or indentation

  • diphtheria

    (n.) serious bacterial throat infection

  • diplacusis

    (n.) hearing disorder with pitch perception issues

  • diplopia

    (n.) double vision phenomenon

  • discharge is blood stained

    (v.) bleeding secretion from body

  • diseases

    (n.) abnormal conditions impairing health

  • dislocation

    (n.) displacement of bones or joints

  • dissection

    (n.) careful cutting to study or remove tissue

  • distended abdomen

    (n.) swollen or bloated stomach

  • distended pain

    (n.) persistent, spreading pain

  • disturbance of speech

    (n.) speech impairment or difficulty

  • disturbance of vision

    (n.) visual impairment or loss

  • dizziness

    (n.) lightheadedness or imbalance sensation

  • dna repair

    (n.) cellular process fixing genetic damage

  • dosimetrist

    (n.) calculates radiation dosage for treatment

  • double vision

    (n.) seeing two images of one object

  • doubling time

    (n.) time for a cell to divide or multiply

  • drool

    (n.) saliva flowing from mouth involuntarily

  • drowsiness

    (n.) state of feeling sleepy or lethargic

  • drowsy

    (adj.) feeling sleepy or sedated

  • drug eruption

    (n.) skin rash from medication allergy

  • drug resistance

    (n.) reduced drug effectiveness over time

  • drug tolerance

    (n.) needing higher dose for effect

  • dry cough

    (n.) non-productive cough with no mucus

  • dry eyes

    (n.) insufficient tear production or quality

  • dry skin

    (n.) skin lacking moisture or lubrication

  • duct

    (n.) tube carrying fluids or air

  • duct ectasia

    (n.) abnormal dilation of duct tissue

  • ductal carcinoma in situ

    (n.) non-invasive breast cancer

  • ductal papillomas

    (n.) benign duct breast tumors

  • dull pain

    (n.) persistent, moderate pain

  • dull pain in eye

    (n.) non-sharp ocular discomfort

  • dumping syndrome

    (n.) rapid gastric emptying after surgery

  • duodenal ulcer

    (n.) ulcer in the first part of small intestine

  • durable power of attorney

    (n.) legal document authorizing decision-making

  • dye

    (n./v.) coloring agent used in medical imaging

  • dysentery

    (n.) infection causing diarrhea and abdominal pain

  • dysgerminoma

    (n.) germ cell tumor in ovaries

  • dysphagia

    (n.) difficulty swallowing

  • dysplasia

    (n.) abnormal cell growth

  • dyspnea

    (n.) shortness of breath

  • dysuria

    (n.) painful urination

  • ear discharge

    (n.) fluid or pus from ear

  • earache

    (n.) pain in the ear

  • early stage

    (adj.) initial phase of disease

  • eczema

    (n.) itchy skin inflammation

  • edema

    (n.) swelling due to fluid accumulation

  • emergency department

    (n.) hospital unit for urgent care

  • emesis

    (n.) vomiting

  • empathy

    (n.) ability to understand others' feelings

  • emphysema

    (n.) lung disease with alveolar damage

  • encephalitis

    (n.) inflammation of brain tissue

  • encephalopathy

    (n.) brain dysfunction due to disease

  • endobronchial

    (adj.) within the bronchus

  • endocarditis

    (n.) infection of heart lining

  • endocervical curettage

    (n.) uterine tissue sampling

  • endocrine glands

    (n.) hormone-secreting glands

  • endocrine therapy

    (n.) treatment using hormones

  • endocrinologist

    (n.) doctor specializing in hormones

  • endometriosis

    (n.) uterine tissue outside uterus

  • endometrium

    (n.) lining of the uterine cavity

  • endoscope

    (n.) instrument for internal visualization

  • endoscopy

    (n.) procedure using an endoscope

  • enterogastritis

    (n.) inflammation of small intestine and stomach

  • enterostomy therapist

    (n.) specialist performing intestinal opening

  • enuresis

    (n.) involuntary urination

  • enzyme

    (n.) protein that speeds up biochemical reactions

  • epidemiology

    (n.) study of disease distribution

  • epidural analgesia

    (n.) regional anesthesia injected near spine

  • epiglottis

    (n.) flap preventing food entering windpipe

  • epilepsy

    (n.) neurological disorder with seizures

  • episiotomy wound hurts

    (n.) incision during childbirth

  • epistaxis

    (n.) nosebleed

  • erectile dysfunction

    (n.) inability to maintain an erection

  • esophageal

    (adj.) relating to the esophagus

  • esophageal varices

    (n.) swollen veins in esophagus

  • esophagitis

    (n.) inflammation of esophagus

  • esophagoscopy

    (n.) visual examination of esophagus

  • esophagus

    (n.) muscular tube connecting throat to stomach

  • esophagus cancer

    (n.) cancer of the esophageal tissue

  • esotropia

    (n.) inward turning of the eye

  • estrogen

    (n.) hormone involved in female development

  • estrogen receptor assay

    (n.) testing for hormone receptor presence

  • estrogen replacement therapy

    (n.) hormone therapy for deficiency

  • ethical dilemma

    (n.) moral conflict requiring decision

  • etiology

    (n.) study of disease causes

  • euthanasia

    (n.) painless death to end suffering

  • excisional biopsy

    (n.) surgical removal of entire lump

  • excited condition

    (adj./n.) state of heightened alertness

  • extended care unit

    (n.) nursing unit for long-term patients

  • extended radical mastectomy

    (n.) comprehensive breast removal surgery

  • extensive stage

    (n.) advanced cancer progression

  • external beam radiation therapy

    (n.) cancer radiation from outside body

  • extracapsular extension

    (n.) cancer spread beyond capsule

  • eye ball

    (n.) globe within the eye socket

  • eye discharge

    (n.) fluid draining from eye

  • eyelid is itchy

    (adj.) irritation causing eyelid discomfort

  • eyelid is swollen

    (adj.) inflamed eyelid

  • eyelid itching

    (n.) itching sensation on eyelid

  • eyelid swollen

    (adj.) enlarged eyelid

  • fainted

    (v.) loss of consciousness briefly

  • fallopian tubes

    (n.) connect ovaries to uterus

  • false negative

    (adj.) test indicating absence of condition wrongly

  • false positive

    (adj.) test indicating presence wrongly

  • familial adenomatous polyposis

    (n.) genetic intestinal condition

  • family physician

    (n.) doctor providing primary care

  • fascia

    (n.) muscle connective tissue layer

  • fatigue

    (n.) extreme tiredness

  • fatigues easily

    (v.) becomes tired quickly

  • fecal incontinence

    (n.) loss of bowel control

  • fecal occult blood test

    (n.) checks for hidden blood in stool

  • fetal movement

    (n.) kicking or movement of fetus

  • fever

    (n.) elevated body temperature

  • fever on and off

    (n.) intermittent fever episodes

  • fibroadenoma

    (n.) benign breast tumor

  • fibrocystic changes

    (n.) breast tissue changes causing lumps

  • fibroid uterus

    (n.) benign uterine tumors

  • fibrosis

    (n.) formation of excess fibrous tissue

  • field

    (n.) area of medical study or examination

  • filling

    (n.) dental material filling cavities

  • fine needle aspiration

    (n.) biopsy with thin needle

  • flare

    (n.) sudden worsening of symptoms

  • flatulence

    (n.) gas accumulation in intestines

  • floaters

    (n.) spots seen in visual field

  • flow cytometry

    (n.) cell analysis technique

  • flowcytometry

    (n.) alternative spelling of flow cytometry

  • flutamide

    (n.) drug used in prostate cancer treatment

  • foley catheter

    (n.) urinary catheter in bladder

  • follicle

    (n.) small sac in ovary or hair root

  • foreign body in the eye

    (n.) unwanted object in eye

  • foul vaginal discharge

    (adj.) bad-smelling vaginal fluid

  • fractionated radiation therapy

    (n.) divided radiation doses

  • fracture

    (n.) break or crack in a bone or hard material

  • freckle

    (n.) small brownish spot on the skin

  • frost bite

    (n.) tissue damage caused by freezing cold

  • frothy sputum

    (n.) foamy mucus coughed from lungs

  • frozen section

    (n.) rapid tissue analysis during surgery

  • furry tongue

    (n.) thick, whitish coating on tongue surface

  • furuncle

    (n.) painful skin boil caused by infection

  • galactocele

    (n.) milk-filled breast cyst

  • gall bladder

    (n.) organ storing bile for digestion

  • gall bladder cancer

    (n.) malignant growth in gall bladder

  • gallium scan

    (n.) imaging test using gallium isotope

  • gallstone

    (n.) solid deposit in the gall bladder

  • gas frequently

    (adv.) excess intestinal gas causing discomfort

  • gastrectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of part or all stomach

  • gastric

    (adj.) relating to the stomach

  • gastric atrophy

    (n.) wasting or thinning of stomach lining

  • gastric ulcer

    (n.) sore on stomach lining

  • gastritis

    (n.) inflammation of stomach lining

  • gastroenterologist

    (n.) doctor specialized in digestion diseases

  • gastrointestinal tract

    (n.) digestive tube from mouth to anus

  • gastroptosis

    (n.) downward displacement of stomach

  • gastroscope

    (n.) instrument for visualizing stomach interior

  • gene

    (n.) DNA segment carrying genetic info

  • gene therapy

    (n.) treatment using modified genes

  • general abdominal pain

    (n.) widespread stomach discomfort

  • general anesthesia

    (n.) drugs causing unconsciousness

  • general medicine

    (n.) broad medical practice without specialization

  • general practitioner

    (n.) primary care doctor

  • general surgeon

    (n.) doctor performing wide range of surgeries

  • genetic counseling

    (n.) advising on inherited conditions

  • genetic testing

    (n.) analyzing DNA for mutations

  • genetics counselor

    (n.) specialist guiding genetic info decisions

  • genome

    (n.) complete set of an organism’s genes

  • geriatrician

    (n.) doctor specializing in elderly health

  • geriatrics

    (n.) medical care for older adults

  • germ cell

    (n.) reproductive cell forming new organisms

  • germ cell tumors

    (n.) cancers arising from reproductive cells

  • gi tract

    (n.) gastrointestinal system pathway

  • glands

    (n.) organs that secrete hormones or other substances

  • glaucoma

    (n.) eye disease damaging optic nerve

  • gleason grade

    (n.) prostate cancer severity score

  • gleason score

    (n.) numerical score reflecting prostate tumor aggressiveness

  • glottis

    (n.) part of larynx controlling voice and air passage

  • glucocorticoids

    (n.) steroid hormones reducing inflammation

  • glucose

    (n.) blood sugar level monitor or sugar itself

  • gold crown

    (n.) dental restoration made of gold

  • gonorrhea

    (n.) sexually transmitted bacterial infection

  • grade

    (n.) classification or level of severity

  • graft versus host disease

    (n.) immune response attacking body tissues

  • grey sputum

    (n.) mucus with greyish color from respiratory infection

  • grief

    (n.) deep sorrow or mental suffering

  • gritty in eyes

    (adj.) sensation of foreign particles or roughness

  • growth factors

    (n.) proteins stimulating cell growth

  • gum

    (n.) tissue surrounding teeth in the mouth

  • gurgling sound

    (n.) bubbling noise from stomach or intestines

  • gurgling sound in abdomen

    (n.) digestion-related noise

  • gurgling sound in my abdomen

    (n.) stomach bubbling noise

  • gynecologic oncologist

    (n.) specializes in female reproductive cancers

  • gynecologist

    (n.) doctor specializing in women’s reproductive health

  • gynecomastia

    (n.) abnormal breast enlargement in men

  • halitosis

    (n.) bad breath condition

  • hallucination

    (n.) perceiving things not present

  • halsted radical mastectomy

    (n.) breast removal surgery for cancer

  • hard stool

    (n.) firm or difficult bowel movement

  • hay fever

    (n.) allergic reaction causing sneezing and congestion

  • headache

    (n.) pain in head area

  • hearing aid

    (n.) device improving hearing ability

  • heart

    (n.) muscular organ pumping blood

  • heart attack

    (n.) sudden loss of heart function due to blockage

  • heart block

    (n.) impaired electrical signals in heart

  • heart complication

    (n.) heart-related health problem

  • heart failure

    (n.) the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively

  • heart murmur

    (n.) abnormal sound from heart valves

  • heartburn

    (n.) burning sensation in chest from stomach acid

  • heatstroke

    (n.) severe overheating causing body dysfunction

  • heavy ion radiotherapy

    (n.) targeted cancer radiation treatment

  • heavy menstruation

    (n.) abnormally large menstrual blood flow

  • heavy vaginal bleeding

    (n.) excessive bleeding during period

  • heavy vaginal discharge

    (n.) thick or abundant vaginal fluid

  • helicobacter pylori

    (n.) bacteria causing stomach ulcers

  • hematemesis

    (n.) vomiting blood

  • hematologist

    (n.) doctor treating blood disorders

  • hematology

    (n.) study of blood and related diseases

  • hematoma

    (n.) localized blood collection outside vessels

  • hematuria

    (n.) blood in urine

  • hemilaryngectomy

    (n.) removal of one side of the larynx

  • hemiplegia

    (n.) paralysis affecting one body side

  • hemoglobin

    (n.) protein carrying oxygen in blood

  • hemoptysis

    (n.) coughing up blood

  • hemorrhage

    (n.) heavy bleeding

  • hemorrhoids

    (n.) swollen veins in rectum or anus

  • hepatic artery

    (n.) blood vessel supplying liver

  • hepatic failure

    (n.) severe loss of liver function

  • hepatic portal vein

    (n.) blood vessel connecting intestines to liver

  • hepatic vein

    (n.) drains blood from liver

  • hepatitis

    (n.) liver inflammation disease

  • hepatitis a vaccine

    (n.) prevents hepatitis A infection

  • hepatitis b

    (n.) viral liver infection

  • hepatitis b vaccine

    (n.) prevents hepatitis B infection

  • hepatitis c

    (n.) viral infection causing liver inflammation

  • hepato encephalopathy

    (n.) brain dysfunction due to liver failure

  • hepatoma

    (n.) liver cancer tumor

  • herbalist doctor

    (n.) practitioner using medicinal plants

  • hereditary cancer syndrome

    (n.) genetic predisposition to cancer

  • hernia

    (n.) protrusion of organ through body wall

  • herpes zoster

    (n.) shingles rash caused by varicella virus

  • hiatus hernia

    (n.) stomach protrudes into chest cavity

  • hiccup

    (n.) involuntary spasm of the diaphragm

  • high dose rate brachytherapy

    (n.) intense localized radiation therapy

  • high fever

    (n.) elevated body temperature above normal

  • high risk

    (adj.) significant likelihood of adverse outcome

  • hilar

    (adj.) pertaining to hilum (organ entrance/exit point)

  • hilum

    (n.) central area where vessels and nerves enter organ

  • hoarse voice

    (n.) rough, weak vocal quality

  • hodgkin disease

    (n.) type of lymphatic cancer

  • home care

    (n.) medical support at home

  • home health aide

    (n.) caregiver providing in-home health services

  • home health nurse

    (n.) nurse delivering home-based care

  • homecare worker

    (n.) assists with daily living at home

  • hormonal therapy

    (n.) treatment using hormones

  • hormone

    (n.) chemical regulator produced by body

  • hormone imbalance

    (n.) disruption in hormone levels

  • hormone receptor

    (n.) protein detecting specific hormones

  • hormone receptor assay

    (n.) test measuring receptor presence

  • hormone replacement therapy

    (n.) HRT, replaces hormones to relieve deficiency

  • hormone therapy

    (n.) treatment involving hormones

  • hospice

    (n.) care focused on comfort for terminal illness

  • hospice care

    (n.) supportive care for dying patients

  • hospital bed

    (n.) medical bed designed for patient use

  • hot flashes

    (n.) sudden feeling of warmth and sweating

  • human chorionic gonadotropin

    (n.) hormone indicating pregnancy

  • human papilloma virus

    (n.) viral infection causing warts

  • hunger pain

    (n.) discomfort from blood sugar low

  • hyperacidity

    (n.) excess stomach acid

  • hyperalimentation

    (n.) medical nutrition via IV

  • hyperfractionated radiotherapy

    (n.) multiple small-dose radiation sessions

  • hyperhidrosis

    (n.) excessive sweating

  • hyperopia

    (n.) farsightedness

  • hyperplasia

    (n.) increase in cell number

  • hyperthermia therapy

    (n.) controlled heating of tissues

  • hypertrophy of the prostate

    (n.) enlargement of prostate gland

  • hypopharyngeal cancer

    (n.) cancer in lower throat area

  • hypopharynx

    (n.) lower part of pharynx

  • hypotension

    (n.) low blood pressure

  • hypothalamus

    (n.) brain region controlling hormones

  • hysterectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of uterus

  • hysteria

    (n.) historical term for emotional excess

  • ileostomy

    (n.) surgical opening of ileum to abdomen

  • illusion

    (n.) misleading perception

  • imaging studies

    (n.) tests visualizing internal structures

  • immune system

    (n.) body defense against pathogens

  • immunization

    (n.) vaccination to prevent disease

  • immunology

    (n.) study of immune responses

  • immunophenotyping

    (n.) identifying cell types with markers

  • immunosuppression

    (n.) reduction of immune activity

  • immunotherapy

    (n.) cancer treatment activating immune system

  • implant

    (n.) medical device inserted into body

  • impotence

    (n.) inability to achieve erections

  • in labor

    (adj.) woman experiencing childbirth

  • in situ

    (adj.) cancer confined to original site

  • incidence

    (n.) rate of new disease cases

  • incisional biopsy

    (n.) surgical removal of tissue sample

  • incisor

    (n.) front tooth in mouth

  • incontinence

    (n.) inability to control urination

  • incubator

    (n.) device for premature infants

  • indigestion

    (n.) upset stomach or heartburn

  • indolent lymphoma

    (n.) slow-growing lymphatic cancer

  • induced abortion

    (n.) medical termination of pregnancy

  • induced labor

    (n.) medically stimulated childbirth

  • infantile eczema

    (n.) skin condition in babies

  • infectious diseases

    (n.) illness caused by pathogens

  • infiltrating ductal carcinoma

    (n.) breast cancer spreading in ducts

  • inflammation

    (n.) tissue response to injury or infection

  • influenza

    (n.) flu virus infection

  • informed consent

    (n.) permission after understanding risks

  • informed consent form

    (n.) document authorizing medical procedure

  • infraclavicular nodes

    (n.) lymph nodes below collarbone

  • inhalation therapy

    (n.) medication breathed into lungs

  • inner ear

    (n.) ear part responsible for balance and hearing

  • inoperable

    (adj.) cancer unable to be surgically removed

  • insect sting

    (n.) painful skin puncture by insect

  • insomnia

    (n.) difficulty sleeping

  • intensity modulated radiation therapy

    (n.) precise tumor radiation

  • intensive care unit

    (n.) specialized hospital unit for critically ill

  • interferon

    (n.) protein boosting immune response

  • interleukins

    (n.) cytokines promoting immune activity

  • intermittent pain

    (n.) pain occurring at intervals

  • intermittent tingling pain

    (n.) pain with tingling sensations

  • intern

    (n.) medical trainee in hospital

  • internal mammary nodes

    (n.) lymph nodes near breastbone

  • interstitial radiation therapy

    (n.) radiation within tissue

  • intestinal catarrh

    (n.) inflammation of intestinal mucosa

  • intestinal obstruction

    (n.) blockage in intestines

  • intestinal tuberculosis

    (n.) tb infection of intestines

  • intraductal papilloma

    (n.) benign breast duct tumor

  • intraluminal

    (adj.) inside the lumen of a hollow organ

  • intraoperative radiation therapy

    (n.) localized cancer treatment during surgery

  • intraperitoneal chemotherapy

    (n.) chemo administered into abdominal cavity

  • intrathecal chemotherapy

    (n.) chemo injected into spinal fluid

  • intravenous pyelogram

    (n.) kidney and urinary tract X-ray imaging

  • intraventricular chemotherapy

    (n.) chemo into brain ventricles

  • intubate

    (v.) insert tube into airway for breathing aid

  • intubation

    (n.) act of inserting a breathing tube

  • invasive cancer

    (n.) cancer spreading into tissues

  • invasive lobular carcinoma

    (n.) breast cancer spreading in lobules

  • iris

    (n.) colored part of the eye

  • irregular heartbeat

    (n.) inconsistent heart rhythm

  • irregular heartbeats

    (n.) multiple inconsistent heart rhythms

  • irregular periods

    (n.) unpredictable menstrual cycles

  • isotretinoin

    (n.) medication for severe acne treatment

  • itch

    (v./n.) uncomfortable skin sensation causing desire to scratch

  • itchy and swollen

    (adj.) inflamed skin needing scratching

  • itchy throat

    (n.) scratchy respiratory sensation

  • jaundice

    (n.) yellowing of skin and eyes

  • jaw is dislocated

    (v.) jawbone out of proper position

  • keratitis

    (n.) corneal inflammation

  • kidney

    (n.) organ filtering blood and producing urine

  • kidney dialysis

    (n.) procedure replacing kidney function

  • kidney failure

    (n.) loss of kidney function

  • kidney stone

    (n.) solid mineral deposit in kidneys

  • krukenberg tumor

    (n.) ovarian metastasis from stomach cancer

  • labor pain

    (n.) contractions during childbirth

  • labor room

    (n.) facility for childbirth delivery

  • laboratory

    (n.) testing facility for medical samples

  • lacrimal duct

    (n.) tear drainage passage

  • lactate dehydrogenase

    (n.) enzyme indicating tissue damage

  • lamivudine

    (n.) antiviral medication for hepatitis B

  • laparoscope

    (n.) thin camera for abdominal surgery view

  • laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection

    (n.) minimally invasive lymph removal

  • laparotomy

    (n.) open abdominal surgical incision

  • large cell

    (adj.) big-sized cellular cancer cell

  • large cell carcinoma

    (n.) aggressive cancer with large cells

  • laryngectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of voice box

  • laryngitis

    (n.) inflammation of the voice box

  • laryngoscope

    (n.) instrument to view voice box

  • laryngoscopy

    (n.) visual examination of voice box

  • larynx

    (n.) voice box in throat

  • lens

    (n.) transparent part of eye focusing light

  • lesion

    (n.) abnormal tissue area or wound

  • lethargy

    (n.) extreme tiredness or sluggishness

  • leukemia

    (n.) cancer of white blood cells

  • leukocytosis

    (n.) increased white blood cell count

  • leukopenia

    (n.) decreased white blood cell count

  • leukoplakia

    (n.) white patches in mouth or mucous membranes

  • libido

    (n.) sexual desire or drive

  • light headache

    (n.) mild skull pain or discomfort

  • limited breast surgery

    (n.) minor breast operation

  • linear accelerator

    (n.) machine delivering radiotherapy

  • liver

    (n.) organ processing nutrients and toxins

  • liver cancer

    (n.) malignancy originating in liver

  • liver cirrhosis

    (n.) scar tissue in liver impairing function

  • liver function

    (n.) liver's ability to perform its roles

  • liver function tests

    (n.) blood tests assessing liver health

  • liver transplantation

    (n.) replacing diseased liver with healthy one

  • living will

    (n.) legal document specifying healthcare wishes

  • lobe

    (n.) part of an organ like brain or lung

  • lobectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of lung/brain lobe

  • lobes

    (n.) parts dividing an organ like lung or brain

  • lobular carcinoma in situ

    (n.) early-stage breast cancer confined to lobules

  • lobules

    (n.) small sections of an organ like breast tissue

  • local anesthesia

    (n.) numbing a specific body part

  • localized breast cancer

    (n.) confined tumor in breast

  • localized cancer

    (n.) cancer with limited spread

  • long term care unit

    (n.) facility for ongoing patient support

  • loop electrosurgical excision procedure

    (n.) removal of cervical tissue

  • loose and watery stool

    (n.) diarrhea

  • loose anus

    (n.) relaxed anal sphincter

  • loose stool

    (n.) unformed bowel movement

  • loss of confidence

    (n.) decreased self-assurance

  • loss of consciousness

    (n.) fainting or faint state

  • loss of hearing

    (n.) inability to perceive sound

  • loss of interest

    (n.) decreased motivation or enthusiasm

  • loss of voice

    (n.) inability to speak

  • lost appetite

    (n.) decreased desire to eat

  • lost of appetite

    (v./n.) incorrect; should be loss of appetite

  • lost sense of smell

    (n.) anosmia

  • lost weight

    (n.) unintended weight reduction

  • low back pain

    (n.) discomfort in lower spine

  • lower gi series

    (n.) upper digestive tract X-ray

  • lumbago

    (n.) lower back pain

  • lumbar puncture

    (n.) spinal tap procedure

  • lump

    (n.) abnormal swelling or mass

  • lumpectomy

    (n.) removal of breast tumor without removing whole breast

  • lumpy stool

    (n.) irregular shaped bowel movement

  • lung

    (n.) respiratory organ facilitating breathing

  • lung cancer

    (n.) malignant lung tissue growth

  • lupron

    (n.) brand of GnRH agonist medication

  • lupus

    (n.) autoimmune disease affecting tissues

  • luteinizing hormone releasing hormone

    (n.) hormone regulating ovulation

  • lymph

    (n.) clear fluid in tissues and vessels

  • lymph node

    (n.) small immune gland in body

  • lymph nodes

    (n.) multiple Glands part of lymphatic system

  • lymph vessels

    (n.) channels carrying lymph fluid

  • lymphadenopathy

    (n.) swollen or enlarged lymph nodes

  • lymphangiogram

    (n.) imaging of lymphatic vessels

  • lymphangiography

    (n.) imaging lymphatic vessels with dye or contrast medium

  • lymphatic system

    (n.) body network transporting lymph and immune cells

  • lymphedema

    (n.) swelling caused by lymph fluid build-up

  • lymphoblastic lymphoma

    (n.) aggressive cancer of lymphocytes

  • lymphocytes

    (n.) white blood cells fighting infection

  • lymphocytosis

    (n.) high lymphocyte count in blood

  • lymphokines

    (n.) proteins coordinating immune responses

  • lymphokinesis

    (n.) movement of lymph through vessels

  • lymphoma

    (n.) cancer of lymphatic tissues

  • lymphoproliferative disease

    (n.) overproduction of lymphocytes

  • macrophage

    (n.) immune cell engulfing pathogens and debris

  • macular degeneration

    (n.) vision loss in central retina area

  • magnetic resonance imaging

    (n.) detailed body imaging using magnetic fields

  • malignant tumor

    (n.) cancerous growth invading nearby tissues

  • mammogram

    (n.) X-ray image of breast tissue

  • mammography

    (n.) breast imaging to detect abnormalities

  • mammoplasty

    (n.) breast surgery for cosmetic or health reasons

  • mantle cell lymphoma

    (n.) rare type of B-cell lymphoma

  • mantle field

    (n.) radiation area covering lymph nodes

  • margin

    (n.) edge of surgical removal area

  • marrow aspiration

    (n.) drawing bone marrow for tests

  • mastectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of breast tissue

  • mastitis

    (n.) breast tissue inflammation, often from infection

  • measles

    (n.) highly contagious viral illness

  • mediastinal lymph node dissection

    (n.) removal of lymph nodes in chest

  • mediastinoscopy

    (n.) procedure to examine mediastinum

  • mediastinum

    (n.) central chest cavity containing organs

  • mediatinoscope

    (n.) instrument for mediastinal examination

  • medical equipment

    (n.) tools used in healthcare treatments

  • medical futility

    (n.) treatment unlikely to benefit patient

  • medical oncologist

    (n.) doctor specializing in cancer treatments

  • medical physicist

    (n.) specialist in medical imaging physics

  • medical records department

    (n.) manages patient health documents

  • medical technologist

    (n.) lab professional analyzing samples

  • medullary carcinoma

    (n.) cancer of the thyroid or lymph node marrow

  • melanoma

    (n.) aggressive skin cancer from pigment cells

  • membrane rupture

    (n.) breaking of a tissue or organ membrane

  • menarche

    (n.) onset of menstrual cycles in girls

  • meninges

    (n.) protective brain and spinal cord coverings

  • meningitis

    (n.) inflammation of brain/spinal cord membranes

  • menopause

    (n.) end of menstrual cycles in women

  • menstrual pain

    (n.) pain associated with periods

  • menstruation disorder

    (n.) irregular or painful periods

  • metastasis

    (n.) spread of cancer to other body parts

  • micrometastasis

    (n.) tiny cancer spread fragments

  • middle ear

    (n.) ear cavity behind eardrum

  • migraine

    (n.) severe headache often with nausea

  • mild pain

    (n.) gentle discomfort or ache

  • miscarriage

    (n.) spontaneous pregnancy loss

  • missed a period

    (n.) absence of menstruation when expected

  • mitral stenosis

    (n.) narrowing of heart's mitral valve

  • modified radical mastectomy

    (n.) breast tissue and lymph node removal

  • moist cough

    (n.) productive cough with mucus

  • molar

    (n.) abnormal tooth or pregnancy cyst

  • mole

    (n.) pigmented skin growth

  • monoclonal antibodies

    (n.) lab-made proteins targeting specific cells

  • morbidity

    (n.) disease rate or health complications

  • morning sickness

    (n.) nausea during early pregnancy

  • mortality

    (n.) death rate or incidence

  • mortuary

    (n.) funeral home or place of death storage

  • mourning

    (n.) grieving process after loss or death

  • mucinous carcinoma

    (n.) cancer producing mucus

  • mucositis

    (n.) inflammation of mucous membranes

  • mucus discharge

    (n.) secretions from mucous membranes

  • mucus in stool

    (n.) presence of intestinal mucus

  • multicentric breast cancer

    (n.) multiple tumors in different sites

  • multidrug resistance

    (n.) cell's ability to evade drugs

  • multiple myeloma

    (n.) cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow

  • muscle spasm

    (n.) involuntary muscle contraction

  • muscle wasting

    (n.) loss of muscle mass

  • music therapy

    (n.) using music for healing purposes

  • mutation

    (n.) change in DNA sequence

  • myocardial infarction

    (n.) heart attack due to blocked blood flow

  • myocarditis

    (n.) heart muscle inflammation

  • myopia

    (n.) nearsightedness impairing distant vision

  • nasal bleeding

    (n.) bleeding from nose

  • nasal cavity

    (n.) air-filled space in nose

  • nasal congestion

    (n.) stuffed or blocked nose

  • nasal discharge

    (n.) mucus drain from nose

  • nasal discharge stained with blood

    (n.) bloody mucus from nose

  • nasopharyngeal cancer

    (n.) tumor in upper throat behind nose

  • nasopharynx

    (n.) upper part of throat behind nose

  • nasoscope

    (n.) instrument to examine nasal passages

  • nasoscopy

    (n.) visual inspection of nasal cavity

  • natural death

    (n.) death occurring without external cause

  • nausea

    (n.) feeling of needing to vomit

  • neck and back are stiff

    (adj.) pain and rigidity in neck/back

  • neck dissection

    (n.) surgical removal of neck lymph nodes

  • needle aspiration

    (n.) using needle to extract tissue/fluid

  • needle biopsy

    (n.) sample collection with needle

  • needle localization

    (n.) precise positioning of needle in surgery

  • neoadjuvant hormonal therapy

    (n.) pre-surgery hormone treatment

  • neoadjuvant therapy

    (n.) treatment before main therapy

  • neonatologist

    (n.) specialist in newborn care

  • neonatology

    (n.) study and treatment of newborns

  • neoplasm

    (n.) abnormal tissue growth (tumor)

  • nephritis

    (n.) kidney inflammation

  • nephrolith

    (n.) kidney stone formation

  • nephrologist

    (n.) medical doctor specializing in kidney diseases

  • nephrosis

    (n.) kidney condition involving protein leakage

  • nerve sparing radical prostatectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of prostate preserving nerves

  • nervous

    (adj.) relating to the nerves or nervous system

  • neuralgia

    (n.) nerve pain

  • neurasthenia

    (n.) broad term for fatigue and mental distress

  • neuroendocrine tumor

    (n.) tumor from hormone-producing nerve cells

  • neurological exam

    (n.) assessment of nervous system function

  • neurologist

    (n.) doctor specializing in nervous system disorders

  • neurology

    (n.) study of nervous system diseases

  • neurosurgeon

    (n.) surgeon treating nervous system injuries

  • neurovascular bundles

    (n.) nerve and vessel structures nearby

  • neutron therapy

    (n.) cancer treatment using neutron radiation

  • neutrophils

    (n.) white blood cells fighting infection

  • nevus

    (n.) mole or skin blemish

  • night sweats

    (n.) excessive sweating during sleep

  • nipple

    (n.) pigmented projection on breast center

  • nipple discharge

    (n.) milk or fluid from nipple

  • nocturia

    (n.) waking at night to urinate

  • nodal status

    (n.) cancer lymph node involvement

  • nodule

    (n.) small lump or growth

  • noisy breathing

    (n.) breathing with abnormal sound

  • non small cell carcinoma

    (n.) lungs cancer type (NSCLC)

  • nonopioids

    (adj.) non-opioid pain relievers

  • nose itches

    (n.) itching sensation in the nose

  • nose itching

    (n.) see above

  • nuclear medicine scan

    (n.) imaging using radioactive tracers

  • nucleus

    (n.) central part of a cell

  • numb

    (Verb) lacking sensation

  • nurse

    (n.) healthcare provider assisting patients

  • nurse practitioner

    (n.) advanced practice nurse

  • nursing home

    (n.) facility for elder care

  • nutritionist

    (n.) expert in diet and nutrition

  • nyctalopia

    (n.) night blindness

  • obstetrician

    (n.) doctor specializing in childbirth

  • obstructive pneumonitis

    (n.) lung inflammation blocking airflow

  • occupational therapist

    (n.) rehab professional for daily skills

  • occupational therapy

    (n.) therapy to improve daily functioning

  • occupational therapy department

    (n.) hospital rehab unit

  • oliguria

    (n.) low urine output

  • omentectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of omentum

  • omentum

    (n.) fatty abdominal tissue

  • on and off pain

    (n.) sudden intermittent pain

  • oncogenes

    (n.) cancer-promoting genes

  • oncologist

    (n.) cancer doctor

  • oncology

    (n.) study and treatment of cancer

  • oncology clinical nurse specialist

    (n.) cancer care nurse expert

  • oncology social worker

    (n.) support for cancer patients

  • oophorectomy

    (n.) removal of ovaries

  • operable

    (adj.) tumor suitable for surgery

  • operating room

    (n.) surgical suite in hospital

  • ophthalmologist

    (n.) eye specialist

  • ophthalmology

    (n.) eye medicine branch

  • opioids

    (n.) pain-relieving drugs

  • optic neuritis

    (n.) inflammation of the optic nerve

  • optometrist

    (n.) vision care professional

  • oral and maxillofacial surgeon

    (n.) specialist for mouth and face surgeries

  • oral hygienist

    (n.) dental cleaning expert

  • orchiectomy

    (n.) testicle removal surgery

  • oropharynx

    (n.) middle part of the throat

  • ortheopath

    (n.) likely a typo; possibly orthopedist or osteopath

  • orthodontics

    (n.) dental braces and alignment specialty

  • orthodontist

    (n.) dental specialist in tooth alignment

  • orthopaedist

    (n.) musculoskeletal doctor

  • orthopedic surgeon

    (n.) specialist in bone and joint surgery

  • orthopedics

    (n.) musculoskeletal medicine field

  • osteoporosis

    (n.) bone density weakness

  • ostomy

    (n.) opening created surgically for waste removal

  • otitis media

    (n.) middle ear infection

  • otolaryngologist

    (n.) ear, nose, throat specialist

  • otolaryngology

    (n.) ear, nose, throat medicine

  • outer ear

    (n.) pinna and ear canal

  • outpatient department

    (n.) ambulatory care unit

  • ovarian cancer

    (n.) cancer in ovaries

  • ovarian cyst

    (n.) fluid-filled ovarian sac

  • ovarian epithelial cancer

    (n.) cancer originating from ovarian surface

  • ovarian germ cell tumors

    (n.) cancer from ovarian reproductive cells

  • ovarian low malignant potential tumors

    (n.) borderline ovarian tumors

  • ovarian tumor

    (n.) any abnormal growth in ovaries

  • ovary

    (n.) female reproductive gland

  • oxygen machine

    (n.) device providing oxygen therapy

  • oxygen mask

    (n.) device for breathing supplemental oxygen

  • oxygen tank

    (n.) portable source of oxygen

  • pain comes at intervals

    (n.) pain occurs sporadically

  • pain management

    (n.) therapy to control pain

  • pain medication

    (n.) drugs for pain relief

  • pain on urination

    (n.) discomfort during urinating

  • pain specialist

    (n.) doctor focusing on pain treatment

  • pale face

    (n.) reduced facial color indicating anemia

  • palliative care

    (n.) comfort-focused medical care

  • palliative treatment

    (n.) aimed at symptom relief

  • palpation

    (n.) physical examination by touch

  • palpitation

    (n.) feeling of rapid heartbeat

  • pancreas

    (n.) organ producing insulin and digestive enzymes

  • pancreatectomy

    (n.) removal of pancreas surgery

  • pancreatitis

    (n.) inflammation of the pancreas illness

  • pap smear

    (n.) test for cervical cancer screening

  • paralysis

    (n.) loss of muscle movement immobility

  • paramedic

    (n.) emergency medical responder technician

  • paraplegia

    (n.) paralysis of lower body injury

  • paroxysmal tachycardia

    (n.) sudden rapid heartbeat arrhythmia

  • partial laryngectomy

    (n.) part of voice box removal surgery

  • partial mastectomy

    (n.) surgical breast tissue removal

  • pass flatus

    (v.) release intestinal gas action

  • pass out blood

    (v.) bleeding externally bleeding

  • pass out worms

    (v.) expel worms from body

  • pathologist

    (n.) medical specialist diagnosing disease

  • pectoral muscles

    (n.) chest muscles upper body

  • pediatric oncologist

    (n.) cancer doctor for children

  • pediatrician

    (n.) child doctor medical specialist

  • pediatrics

    (n.) medical branch for children's health

  • pelvic examination

    (n.) gynaecological health assessment

  • pelvic exenteration

    (n.) removal of pelvic organs surgery

  • pelvic infection

    (n.) user infection in pelvis area

  • pelvis

    (n.) hip and lower abdominal bones

  • penis

    (n.) male reproductive organ

  • pericarditis

    (n.) heart membrane inflammation

  • pericardium

    (n.) heart's outer lining membrane

  • perineum

    (n.) area between genitals and anus

  • periodic headache

    (n.) recurrent headache attacks

  • periodontal disease

    (n.) dental gum infection

  • periodontist

    (n.) gum disease dental specialist

  • periprostatic tissue

    (n.) tissue around prostate gland

  • perirectal abscess

    (n.) rectal tissue infection pocket

  • peristalsis

    (n.) muscular wave moving food digestion

  • peritoneal cavity

    (n.) abdomen's internal space

  • peritoneum

    (n.) lining of abdominal cavity membrane

  • peritonitis

    (n.) abdominal lining inflammation infection

  • permanent implant

    (n.) long-lasting medical device

  • permanent section

    (n.) permanent tissue slice analysis

  • pernicious anemia

    (n.) megaloblastic anemia vitamin deficiency

  • persistent pain

    (n.) chronic ongoing pain

  • pertussis

    (n.) whooping cough bacterial infection

  • pharmacist

    (n.) medication dispensing professional

  • pharmacy

    (n.) mедication retail outlet

  • pharyngeal tonsil

    (n.) adenoids in the throat

  • pharyngitis

    (n.) throat inflammation illness

  • pharynx

    (n.) throat passage respiratory pathway

  • phimosis

    (n.) foreskin can't retract condition

  • photodynamic therapy

    (n.) cancer treatment light-activated drugs

  • photophobia

    (n.) sensitivity to light discomfort

  • physical therapist

    (n.) rehab specialist movement recovery

  • physical therapy

    (n.) recovering physical function treatment

  • physician

    (n.) medical doctor healthcare provider

  • physiotherapist

    (n.) movement and rehab specialist

  • physiotherapy department

    (n.) rehab services unit

  • piercing pain

    (n.) sharp pain sensation

  • piles

    (n.) hemorrhoids swollen rectal veins

  • pimple

    (n.) small skin bump acne

  • pink sputum

    (n.) rosy mucus from lungs

  • pins and needles

    (idiom) tingling sensation paresthesia

  • pituitary gland

    (n.) brain hormone regulator

  • placebo

    (n.) inert substance for control tests

  • plastic and reconstructive surgeon

    (n.) restoration surgery specialist

  • plastic surgeon

    (n.) cosmetic and reconstructive expert

  • plastic surgery

    (n.) surgical reshaping procedures

  • platelet

    (n.) blood cell for clotting

  • pleura

    (n.) lungs' protective membrane

  • pleuracentesis

    (n.) fluid removal from chest

  • pleural biopsy

    (n.) lung lining tissue sample

  • pleural effusion

    (n.) fluid buildup around lungs

  • pleurisy

    (n.) pleura inflammation painful breathing

  • pleuritis

    (n.) inflammation of lung lining

  • pleurodesis

    (n.) lungs' lining adhesion procedure

  • ploidy

    (n.) chromosome number in cells

  • pneumonectomy

    (n.) lung removal surgery

  • pneumonia

    (n.) lung infection causing inflammation

  • pneumonitis

    (n.) lung tissue inflammation illness

  • pneumothorax

    (n.) collapsed lung air in chest

  • podiatrist

    (n.) foot health specialist

  • poisoning

    (n.) toxin ingestion harmful effects

  • polyp

    (n.) abnormal tissue growth in body

  • polypectomy

    (n.) polyp removal procedure

  • polyuria

    (n.) excessive urination condition

  • poor vision

    (n.) visual impairment disability

  • portal hypertension

    (n.) blood pressure in liver veins

  • portal vein

    (n.) main liver blood vessel

  • positron emission tomography

    (n.) imaging for metabolic activity

  • postnasal drip

    (n.) mucus from nose to throat

  • predisposition

    (n.) tendency to develop disease

  • pregnant

    (adj.) carrying developing fetus state

  • premature delivery

    (n.) early birth before full term

  • premature ejaculation

    (n.) early ejaculation problem

  • presbyopia

    (n.) age-related near vision loss

  • pressing pain

    (n.) sharp persistent discomfort

  • pressure sore

    (n.) bed sore skin injury

  • prevalence

    (n.) common occurrence rate disease

  • prevention

    (n.) avoiding disease development

  • prickling pain

    (n.) tingling sensation discomfort

  • primary care physician

    (n.) first healthcare contact

  • primary site

    (n.) initial location of disease or tumor

  • private room

    (n.) individual hospital room for patient privacy

  • proctitis

    (n.) inflammation of the rectum lining

  • progesterone

    (n.) hormone regulating menstrual cycle and pregnancy

  • progesterone receptor assay

    (n.) test measuring hormone receptor presence in tissues

  • prognosis

    (n.) predicted outcome of a disease

  • prolapse of uterus

    (n.) descent of uterus into vagina

  • prolapsed anus

    (n.) rectum protrudes through anus

  • prolonging dying

    (v.) prolonging the process of death

  • prophylactic cranial irradiation

    (n.) preventive brain radiation therapy

  • prophylactic mastectomy

    (n.) preventive removal of breasts

  • prophylactic oophorectomy

    (n.) preventive removal of ovaries

  • proscar

    (n.) medication for enlarged prostate

  • prostate

    (n.) male gland producing seminal fluid

  • prostate acid phosphatase

    (n.) enzyme linked to prostate health

  • prostate cancer

    (n.) cancer in the prostate gland

  • prostate specific antigen

    (n.) blood marker for prostate cancer

  • prostatectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of prostate

  • prostatitis

    (n.) inflammation of the prostate gland

  • prosthesis

    (n.) artificial device replacing body part

  • protein

    (n.) essential nutrient made of amino acids

  • protocol

    (n.) detailed plan or procedure

  • psoriasis

    (n.) chronic skin condition with scaly patches

  • psychiatrist

    (n.) medical doctor specialized in mental health

  • psychiatry

    (n.) medical specialty focusing on mental disorders

  • psychologist

    (n.) mental health professional without medical degree

  • psychosocial

    (adj.) relating to social and psychological factors

  • public health unit

    (n.) health organization serving community

  • pulmonary

    (adj.) relating to lungs

  • pulmonary function test

    (n.) measures lung capacity and function

  • pulmonary tuberculosis

    (n.) lung infection caused by bacteria

  • pulmonologist

    (n.) lung specialist doctor

  • pupil

    (n.) eye opening regulating light entering the eye

  • pussy discharge

    (n.) vaginal secretions possibly indicating infection

  • pustule

    (n.) small elevated skin lesion with pus

  • pyelonephritis

    (n.) kidney infection and inflammation

  • pyrosis

    (n.) heartburn or acid indigestion

  • quadrantectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of a breast quadrant

  • quadriplegia

    (n.) paralysis of all four limbs

  • quality of life

    (n.) overall well-being and satisfaction

  • radiating

    (adj.) spreading outwards from center

  • radiating pain

    (n.) pain that spreads to other areas

  • radiating to armpit

    (v.) pain spreading to underarm area

  • radiation dermatitis

    (n.) skin irritation from radiation therapy

  • radiation oncologist

    (n.) cancer doctor specializing in radiation therapy

  • radiation pneumonitis

    (n.) lung inflammation from radiation

  • radiation technologist

    (n.) technician who operates radiation equipment

  • radiation therapist

    (n.) provider administering radiation treatment

  • radiation therapy

    (n.) cancer treatment using radiation beams

  • radical hysterectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of uterus and surrounding tissue

  • radical prostatectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of entire prostate gland

  • radioactive implant

    (n.) internal radiation device

  • radioactive seed

    (n.) small radioactive pellet used in treatment

  • radioactive seed implant

    (n.) internal seed therapy for cancer

  • radiofrequency ablation

    (n.) uses heat to destroy diseased tissue

  • radioisotope

    (n.) radioactive substance for diagnosis or treatment

  • radiologist

    (n.) doctor specialized in imaging and scans

  • radiology

    (n.) medical imaging specialty

  • radionuclide bone scan

    (n.) imaging test for bone abnormalities

  • radiosensitizers

    (n.) cancer drugs making cells more radio-responsive

  • radiotherapist

    (n.) medical professional providing radiation treatment

  • radiotherapy unit

    (n.) facility for delivering radiation treatments

  • rash

    (n.) red skin eruption due to irritation or allergy

  • rebetron

    (n.) combination drug therapy for hepatitis C

  • recovery room

    (n.) post-surgery observation area

  • rectal cancer

    (n.) cancer in the rectum

  • rectum

    (n.) final part of large intestine

  • rectus abdominus flap procedure

    (n.) surgical technique using abdominal muscle

  • recurrence

    (n.) reappearance of disease after treatment

  • recurrent laryngeal nerve

    (n.) nerves affecting voice and swallowing

  • red and swollen throat

    (adj.) possible infection or inflammation

  • red blood cells

    (n.) cells carrying oxygen in blood

  • regimen

    (n.) specific treatment plan or schedule

  • regional involvement

    (n.) disease spread to nearby areas

  • registered nurse

    (n.) licensed nurse providing patient care

  • rehabilitation

    (n.) restoring function after illness or injury

  • rehabilitation center

    (n.) facility for recovery and therapy

  • rehabilitation medicine

    (n.) medical specialty focusing on recovery

  • relapse

    (n.) re-occurrence of disease after improvement

  • relaxation technique

    (n.) methods to reduce stress

  • remission

    (n.) absence of disease symptoms

  • remote afterloader

    (n.) device used in radiation therapy

  • renal failure

    (n.) kidney function loss

  • renal insufficiency

    (n.) impaired kidney function

  • renal stone

    (n.) kidney stone or calculus

  • renal tuberculosis

    (n.) Kidney infection caused by TB bacteria

  • rescue treatment

    (n.) urgent therapy for emergencies

  • resection

    (n.) surgical removal of tissue or organ

  • resident doctor

    (n.) medical graduate in training

  • respectable

    (adj.) worthy of honor or esteem

  • respiration

    (n.) breathing process

  • respiratory

    (adj.) relating to breathing or lungs

  • respiratory arrest

    (n.) cessation of breathing

  • respiratory therapist

    (n.) makes diagnoses and treatments related to breathing

  • respite care

    (n.) temporary relief for caregivers

  • resuscitate

    (v.) revive a person after cardiac or respiratory failure

  • retention of urine

    (n.) inability to empty bladder

  • retinal

    (adj.) relating to the retina of the eye

  • retinal detachment

    (n.) separation of retina from eye layers

  • retinitis

    (n.) inflammation of the retina

  • retinoid

    (n.) fat-soluble compounds affecting skin and vision

  • retinoids

    (n.) plural of retinoid; vitamin A derivatives

  • rheumatic heart disease

    (n.) heart damage caused by rheumatic fever

  • rheumatoid arthritis

    (n.) chronic joint inflammation, autoimmune disorder

  • rheumatologist

    (n.) doctor specializing in joint and autoimmune diseases

  • rhinitis

    (n.) nasal inflammation causing congestion and sneezing

  • rhinorrhea

    (n.) runny nose, nasal fluid drainage

  • rib

    (n.) bony part of the chest protecting lungs

  • ribavirin

    (n.) antiviral medication used for hepatitis and flu

  • ribonucleic acid

    (n.) molecular carrier of genetic information

  • ringing in my ears

    (n.) tinnitus; noise perception without external sound

  • risk factor

    (n.) condition increasing disease chance

  • root canal treatment

    (n.) removal of infected dental pulp

  • running nose

    (n.) excess nasal mucus flowing freely

  • runny nose

    (adj.) continuous nasal discharge

  • salvage therapy

    (n.) treatment after primary therapy failure

  • sarcoma

    (n.) malignant tumor of connective tissue

  • scabies

    (n.) contagious skin infestation caused by mites

  • scalded by hot water

    (adj.) skin burn from hot liquid

  • scan

    (n.) medical imaging test for internal structures

  • sciatica

    (n.) pain radiating along sciatic nerve

  • scintillation camera

    (n.) device detecting radioactive emissions

  • sclera

    (n.) white outer layer of the eyeball

  • screening

    (n.) testing for disease in asymptomatic people

  • scrotum

    (n.) pouch holding testes

  • scurvy

    (n.) vitamin C deficiency causing weakness and bleeding

  • secondary tumor

    (n.) metastasis from primary cancer elsewhere

  • sedimentation rate

    (n.) test measuring inflammation level in blood

  • see things moving

    (v.) visual hallucinations of motion

  • segmental mastectomy

    (n.) surgical removal of breast segment

  • segmental resection

    (n.) partial removal of an organ or tissue

  • semicircular canal

    (n.) inner ear structures aiding balance

  • seminal vesicle

    (n.) produces fluid for semen

  • sense of pressure

    (n.) awareness of force on body parts

  • sense of spinning

    (n.) vertigo or dizziness feeling

  • sequential treatment

    (n.) step-by-step therapeutic approach

  • severe pain

    (n.) intense distress or discomfort

  • severe pain in cheekbone

    (n.) notably intense facial pain

  • sexual therapist

    (n.) professional aiding sexual health issues

  • sexually transmitted diseases

    (n.) infections spread via sexual contact

  • sharp pain

    (n.) brief intense pain sensation

  • shivering

    (v.) involuntary muscle tremors due to cold or illness

  • short of breath

    (adj.) feeling unable to breathe fully

  • short of breath after exertion

    (adj.) post-physical activity breathlessness

  • shortness of breath

    (n.) difficulty breathing, especially during activity

  • side effects

    (n.) adverse reactions from medications or treatments

  • sigmoidoscopy

    (n.) visual exam of lower colon and rectum

  • simple mastectomy

    (n.) removal of entire breast tissue

  • sinusitis

    (n.) inflammation of sinus cavities causing congestion

  • skin cancer

    (n.) malignant skin cell growth

  • slight pain

    (n.) mild discomfort or ache

  • small cell carcinoma

    (n.) aggressive lung cancer type

  • small cell lung cancer

    (n.) highly malignant lung tumor

  • small intestine

    (n.) middle section of digestive tract

  • smarting pain around eye

    (n.) pain with burning sensation

  • sneeze

    (n./v.) forceful expulsion of air through nose and mouth

  • snore

    (v.) noisy breathing during sleep

  • social worker

    (n.) professional providing counseling and resources

  • soft palate

    (n.) muscle at back of the roof of mouth

  • soft tissue

    (n.) tissues around bones, muscles, and organs

  • some loss of hearing

    (n.) partial hearing impairment

  • sonogram

    (n.) ultrasound image for internal structures

  • sore eyes

    (n.) irritated or painful eyes

  • sore nipples

    (n.) pain or discomfort in nipple area

  • sore pain

    (n.) pain that persists or worsens

  • sore throat

    (n.) pain or scratchiness in throat

  • speculum

    (n.) instrument to widen body openings for examination

  • speech therapist

    (n.) professional aiding in speech issues

  • speech therapy unit

    (n.) center for language and speaking treatments

  • spinal column

    (n.) vertebral bones forming the backbone

  • spinal cord

    (n.) main nerve pathway within vertebral column

  • spinal tap

    (n.) puncture to sample cerebrospinal fluid

  • spinning

    (n.) rotational movement or dizziness feeling

  • spiritual care

    (n.) support addressing spiritual needs

  • spleen

    (n.) organ filtering blood and fighting infection

  • sponge bath

    (n.) gentle cleaning using a sponge and water

  • sputum

    (n.) mucus coughed up from lungs

  • sputum cytology

    (n.) examining mucus cells for disease

  • squamous carcinoma

    (n.) malignant epithelial skin tumor

  • squamous cell carcinoma

    (n.) common skin and mucous membrane cancer

  • squint

    (n/v.) misaligned eyes causing vision issues

  • stabbing pain

    (n.) piercing, intense short-term pain

  • staging

    (n.) determining cancer spread extent

  • standard room

    (n.) basic hospital patient room

  • standard therapy

    (n.) conventional treatment protocol

  • stem cell

    (n.) unspecialized cell capable of differentiating

  • stem cell and stem cell transplant

    (n.) cell therapy to replace damaged cells

  • stenosis

    (n.) narrowing of blood vessel or airway

  • stereotactic core needle biopsy

    (n.) precise tumor tissue removal

  • stereotactic needle biopsy

    (n.) targeted tissue sampling using imaging

  • stereotactic radiosurgery

    (n.) focused radiation for tumors

  • sterile

    (adj.) free from bacteria and infection

  • sterilization

    (n.) killing all microbes on equipment

  • sticky discharge

    (n.) adhesive fluid from wound or body part

  • stoma

    (n.) surgically created opening for waste elimination

  • stomach bleeding

    (n.) hemorrhage within stomach or GI tract

  • stomach cancer

    (n.) malignant tumor of the stomach lining

  • stomachache

    (n.) pain localized in the stomach area

  • stomatitis

    (n.) inflammation of the mouth’s mucous membrane

  • stop bleeding

    (v./n.) procedures to halt bleeding

  • stridor

    (n.) wheezy high-pitched breathing sound

  • stroke

    (n.) sudden loss of brain function

  • stuffy

    (adj.) nasal congestion causing difficulty breathing

  • stutter

    (v./n.) repetition of sounds or syllables while speaking

  • stye

    (n.) painful bump on eyelid edge

  • subarachnoid hemorrhage

    (n.) bleeding under brain’s outer membrane

  • subcutaneous mastectomy

    (n.) removal of tissue under breast skin

  • subglottis

    (n.) area below the vocal cords

  • sudden dizziness

    (n.) quick loss of balance or lightheadedness

  • sudden stop in my heartbeat

    (n.) abrupt cessation of heartbeat

  • suicidal tendency

    (n.) inclination to harm oneself

  • sunburn

    (n.) skin damage from excessive sun exposure

  • superior sulcus

    (n.) upper border of the lung cavity

  • superior vena cava

    (n.) large vein returning blood to heart

  • supportive care

    (n.) treatments to relieve symptoms

  • supraclavicular lymph nodes

    (n.) lymph nodes above collarbone

  • supraglottic laryngectomy

    (n.) surgical removal above vocal cords

  • supraglottis

    (n.) area above the vocal cords

  • surgeon

    (n.) medical doctor performing surgery

  • surgery

    (n.) medical procedure involving incisions

  • surgical biopsy

    (n.) removal of tissue for testing

  • surgical oncologist

    (n.) cancer specialist performing surgeries

  • survival rate

    (n.) percentage of patients living after treatment

  • swallowed fishbone

    (n.) fishbone lodged in throat

  • sweats

    (n.) excessive sweating episodes

  • swelling of testis

    (n.) enlargement of testicular tissue

  • swollen breasts

    (adj.) benign breast enlargement

  • swollen throat

    (adj.) congestion causing throat swelling

  • synchronous

    (adj.) occurring at the same time

  • syncope

    (n.) fainting or loss of consciousness

  • synergistic

    (adj.) combined effect greater than sum

  • syphilis

    (n.) sexually transmitted bacterial infection

  • systemic disease

    (n.) affecting entire body

  • systemic therapy

    (n.) treatment affecting whole body

  • t lymphocytes

    (n.) white blood cells involved in immunity

  • targeted therapy

    (n.) cancer treatment focusing on specific molecules

  • tarry black stool

    (n.) black stool indicating bleeding

  • tear

    (n./v.) fluid from the eye

  • tearing pain

    (n.) pain associated with tear of tissue

  • temperature

    (n.) degree of body heat

  • temporary implant

    (n.) short-term inserted medical device

  • tension

    (n.) stress or muscular tightness

  • terminal care unit

    (n.) end-of-life patient care facility

  • terminal condition

    (n.) advanced, incurable disease

  • testicles

    (n.) male reproductive glands

  • testis

    (n.) another term for testicles

  • testosterone

    (n.) hormone promoting male characteristics

  • therapeutic abortion

    (n.) medically induced pregnancy termination

  • therapy

    (n.) treatment intended to cure or alleviate

  • thick sputum

    (n.) viscous mucus in lungs

  • thirst

    (n.) desire to drink fluids

  • thirsty

    (adj.) feeling of needing water

  • thoracentesis

    (n.) procedure to remove chest fluid

  • thoracenthesis

    (n.) alternative term for thoracentesis

  • thoracic

    (adj.) relating to the chest area

  • thoracic oncology

    (n.) cancer related to chest organs

  • thoracic surgeon

    (n.) specialist in chest surgeries

  • thoracic surgery

    (n.) surgery involving chest cavity

  • thoracoscope

    (n.) instrument to view chest interior

  • thoracoscopy

    (n.) minimally invasive chest procedure

  • thoractomy

    (n.) surgical opening of the chest

  • thorax

    (n.) chest cavity housing lungs and heart

  • throbbing pain

    (n.) pulsating discomfort

  • thrombi

    (n.) blood clots within vessels

  • thrombocytopenia

    (n.) low platelet count in blood

  • thrombosis

    (n.) blood clot formation in vessels

  • throw up or vomit

    (v./n.) expel stomach contents forcibly

  • throw up vomit

    (v./n.) product of vomiting

  • thymus

    (n.) timely immune system gland

  • thyroid

    (n.) neck gland controlling hormones

  • thyroidectomy

    (n.) removal of the thyroid gland

  • tinea

    (n.) fungal skin infection

  • tingling pain

    (n.) pins-and-needles sensation

  • tinnitus

    (n.) ringing in the ears

  • tiredness

    (n.) feeling of fatigue

  • tissue

    (n.) group of similar cells performing function

  • titration

    (n.) gradual adjustment of medication dose

  • to wean

    (v.) gradually stop dependence on support

  • tongue

    (n.) muscle in the mouth’s floor

  • tonsil

    (n.) lymphatic tissue in throat

  • tonsillitis

    (n.) inflammation of the tonsils

  • tonsils

    (n.) pair of lymphatic organs in throat

  • toothache

    (n.) pain in a tooth

  • total androgen blockade

    (n.) complete hormonal suppression

  • total hysterectomy

    (n.) removal of uterus

  • total laryngectomy

    (n.) removal of voice box

  • total mastectomy

    (n.) complete breast removal

  • total pain

    (n.) pain experienced throughout entire body

  • toxins

    (n.) poisonous substances

  • trachea

    (n.) windpipe conducting air to lungs

  • tracheitis

    (n.) inflammation of the trachea

  • tracheostomy

    (n.) surgical opening into trachea

  • trachoma

    (n.) contagious bacterial eye infection

  • transbronchial biopsy

    (n.) lung tissue sampling via bronchoscope

  • transrectal ultrasound

    (n.) ultrasound of prostate through rectum

  • transurethral resection of prostate

    (n.) surgical removal of prostate via urethra

  • transverse rectus abdominus muscle flap procedure

    (n.) breast reconstruction using abdominal muscle flap

  • trauma

    (n.) physical injury or wound caused by external force

  • tremor

    (n.) involuntary shaking or oscillation of body part

  • trichiasis

    (n.) ingrown eyelashes touching the eye

  • trichomoniasis

    (n.) sexually transmitted parasitic infection of urogenital tract

  • trigeminal neuralgia

    (n.) severe facial pain from trigeminal nerve irritation

  • tubal sterilization

    (n.) surgical block or sealing of fallopian tubes

  • tumor

    (n.) abnormal uncontrolled growth of tissue

  • tumor markers

    (n.) substances indicating presence of cancer

  • tumor necrosis factor

    (n.) protein involved in inflammation and cell death

  • tumor of the kidney

    (n.) renal neoplasm or kidney cancer

  • tumor suppressor genes

    (n.) genes that prevent uncontrolled cell growth

  • tympanic membrane

    (n.) eardrum separating ear canal and middle ear

  • typhoid fever

    (n.) bacterial infection causing high fever and illness

  • ulcerative colitis

    (n.) chronic inflammation causing ulcers in colon lining

  • ultrasound

    (n.) imaging method using sound waves to visualize internal organs

  • umbilical cord

    (n.) tissue connecting fetus to placenta

  • umbilical cord blood transplant

    (n.) stem cell transplant from cord blood

  • uncomfortable

    (adj.) causing slight pain or unease

  • unconscious

    (adj.) not awake or aware; lacking awareness

  • unconsciousness

    (n.) state of being unaware or unresponsive

  • unilateral

    (adj.) affecting only one side of body or organ

  • unproven therapy

    (n.) treatment lacking scientific evidence

  • unresectable

    (adj.) unable to be surgically removed

  • upper gi series

    (n.) imaging test of upper digestive tract

  • upper respiratory infection

    (n.) common cold or sinus infection

  • upset stomach

    (n.) mild gastrointestinal discomfort or nausea

  • uremia

    (n.) buildup of waste in blood from kidney failure

  • ureter

    (n.) tube carrying urine from kidney to bladder

  • ureteral stone

    (n.) kidney stone blocking the ureter

  • urethra

    (n.) tube that carries urine out of the body

  • urethritis

    (n.) inflammation of the urethra

  • urinary frequency

    (n.) needing to urinate often

  • urinary hesitancy

    (n.) difficulty starting urination

  • urinary incontinence

    (n.) involuntary urine leakage

  • urinary retention

    (n.) inability to empty bladder

  • urinary tract infection

    (n.) infection in urinary system

  • urinate frequently

    (v.) void urine often

  • urinated frequently

    (v.) past tense of frequent urination

  • urine

    (n.) liquid waste excreted by kidneys

  • urine cytology

    (n.) lab test analyzing cells in urine

  • urine incontinence

    (n.) involuntary urine leakage

  • urologist

    (n.) doctor specializing in urinary tract

  • urology

    (n.) medical specialty focusing on urinary system

  • urostomy

    (n.) surgical opening for urine diversion

  • urticaria

    (n.) skin hives or allergic skin reaction

  • uterine contractions

    (n.) uterus tightening during labor

  • uterus

    (n.) female reproductive organ holding fetus

  • uvula

    (n.) small flesh protrusion in the throat

  • vaccine

    (n.) substance that stimulates immunity against disease

  • vagina

    (n.) muscular canal in female reproductive system

  • vaginal spotting

    (n.) light bleeding from the vagina

  • vaginitis

    (n.) inflammation of vaginal tissues

  • valve replacement

    (n.) surgical substitution of heart valve

  • valvular cyanosis

    (n.) bluish coloration from valve dysfunction

  • valvular incompetence

    (n.) failure of heart valve to close properly

  • valvular stenosis

    (n.) narrowing of heart valve opening

  • variceal hemorrhage

    (n.) bleeding from dilated veins

  • vein

    (n.) blood vessel carrying blood towards the heart

  • veneer crown

    (n.) bonded dental crown for aesthetic restoration

  • venereal disease

    (n.) sexually transmitted infection

  • ventricle

    (n.) heart chamber that pumps blood

  • vertigo

    (n.) sensation of spinning or dizziness

  • veterinarian

    (n.) animal healthcare professional

  • vinblastine

    (n.) chemotherapy drug used for cancer treatment

  • virtual colonoscopy

    (n.) non-invasive imaging of colon via CT scan

  • virus

    (n.) infectious agent smaller than bacteria

  • visual activity

    (n.) clarity or sharpness of vision

  • visual disturbance

    (n.) impairment or disruption in sight

  • vocal cord

    (n.) tissue folds in larynx aiding speech

  • vocal cords

    (n.) same as vocal cords; voice producing tissues

  • vomit

    (n./v.) forceful expulsion of stomach contents

  • vomiting

    (n.) the act of ejecting stomach contents

  • vulva itchy

    (adj.) skin irritation in female external genitalia

  • walker

    (n.) mobility aid for walking assistance

  • ward

    (n.) hospital room or division for patient care

  • wart

    (n.) benign skin growth caused by HPV

  • watchful waiting

    (n.) monitoring condition without immediate treatment

  • water brash

    (n.) excessive saliva with acid reflux sensation

  • water has broken

    (v.) amniotic sac rupture indicating labor

  • watering eyes

    (n.) tears or excessive eye moisture

  • watery eyes

    (n.) eyes producing excess tears

  • weakness

    (n.) reduced strength or energy

  • wedge resection

    (n.) surgical removal of tissue in wedge shape

  • wheel chair

    (n.) mobility device for sitting and moving

  • wheeze

    (n./v.) high-pitched breathing sound

  • wheezing stridor

    (n.) noisy breathing due to airway narrowing

  • white blood cells

    (n.) immune cells fighting infection

  • white cheesy discharge

    (n.) yeast infection vaginal symptom

  • white sputum

    (n.) thick mucus coughed from lungs

  • wire localization

    (n.) procedure marking tumor before surgery

  • yellow sputum

    (n.) mucus indicating infection

  • yellowish skin

    (n.) jaundice or bilirubin buildup

  • zoladex

    (n.) medicine to regulate hormone-responsive cancers