TOEFL 5000 Vocabulary Volume 4

Classify by Letter Classify by Lesson Start Quiz

  • ablaze

    (adj.) on fire; burning fiercely

  • abolish

    (v.) officially put an end to

  • abolitionist

    (n.) supporter of ending slavery or practice

  • abound

    (v.) exist in large numbers or quantities

  • abrupt

    (adj.) sudden or unexpected; brief and curt

  • absorb

    (v.) take in or soak up liquids or info

  • abut

    (v.) touch at one end; border on

  • academician

    (n.) member of an academic institution

  • accessibility

    (n.) ease of reaching or using something

  • accessory

    (n.) supplementary item; subordinate item

  • acclaim

    (v.) praise enthusiastically; noun

  • accompaniment

    (n.) something that goes along with or complements

  • accompanying

    (adj.) happening together; associated

  • accomplishment

    (n.) achievement or success

  • accordion

    (n.) portable musical instrument with bellows

  • accredit

    (v.) officially recognize or authorize

  • accuse

    (v.) charge someone with a crime or wrongdoing

  • acquisition

    (n.) act of gaining or obtaining something

  • acronym

    (n.) abbreviation from initial letters of words

  • addict

    (n.) person who is dependent on something

  • addictive

    (adj.) causing addiction or dependence

  • adjacent

    (adj.) next to or adjoining something else

  • adjoin

    (v.) be next to or share a boundary with

  • adjust

    (v.) alter slightly for proper fit or function

  • adobe

    (n.) sun-dried clay building material or building

  • adolescent

    (n.) teenager; relating to teenage years

  • adopt

    (v.) to take up or accept officially

  • adoption

    (n.) legally taking another's child as one's own

  • advent

    (n.) arrival or beginning of something new

  • affiliate

    (n.) partner or associate engaging in joint activity

  • affirm

    (v.) state as true; confirm or assert

  • affliction

    (n.) cause of suffering or distress

  • affordable

    (adj.) reasonably priced; within financial reach

  • agitation

    (n.) state of nervousness or unrest

  • air

    (n.) invisible gaseous substance; to expose to air

  • airborne

    (adj.) carried through the air by wind or flight

  • alignment

    (n.) arrangement in a straight line or proper position

  • allocate

    (v.) distribute for a specific purpose or use

  • alloy

    (n.) mixture of metals or metals with other materials

  • ally

    (n.) a supporter or partner in a cause or effort

  • aloof

    (adj.) distant

  • amaze

    (v.) surprise greatly or fill with wonder

  • amazing

    (adj.) causing great surprise or wonder

  • ambition

    (n.) strong desire to achieve success or fame

  • ambitious

    (adj.) having a strong desire for success

  • amend

    (v.) improve or alter for the better

  • amendment

    (n.) formal change or addition to a law or document

  • amplification

    (n.) act of increasing volume or strength

  • amplify

    (v.) make louder or larger; discuss in detail

  • analogous

    (adj.) similar in a way that allows comparison

  • analyze

    (v.) examine carefully in detail

  • anatomy

    (n.) study of body structure; biological composition

  • ancestral

    (adj.) belonging to earlier ancestors; inherited

  • annex

    (v.) add territory to existing one; noun

  • annihilate

    (v.) destroy completely; obliterate

  • annoying

    (adj.) causing irritation or bother

  • antedate

    (v.) assign a date earlier than the actual date

  • anthology

    (n.) collection of literary or artistic works

  • antibiotic

    (n.) medicine that kills bacteria

  • anticipate

    (v.) expect

  • antique

    (n.) old object valued for age or rarity

  • apologize

    (v.) express regret or say sorry

  • appeal

    (v.) make a serious earnest request; noun

  • appealing

    (adj.) attractive or interesting

  • appetite

    (n.) desire for food or drink

  • applaud

    (v.) show approval by clapping

  • applicant

    (n.) person who applies for a job or position

  • application

    (n.) formal request; use of something in a specific way

  • appoint

    (v.) assign a position or role to someone

  • appraisal

    (n.) evaluation of value or quality

  • appreciable

    (adj.) large enough to be noticed

  • appreciate

    (v.) recognize worth or value; be grateful for

  • approach

    (n.) method or way of doing something; verb

  • appropriate

    (adj.) suitable or proper for the situation

  • approximate

    (adj.) close to the actual but not exact; verb

  • approximately

    (adv.) nearly or about in number or amount

  • aquatic

    (adj.) relating to water; living in water

  • arc

    (n.) curved shape or line; a part of circumference

  • arduous

    (adj.) difficult or requiring much effort

  • armory

    (n.) supply of weapons or military equipment

  • arrangement

    (n.) order or system; plan or organization

  • ascend

    (v.) move upward or climb

  • asphyxiate

    (v.) suffocate or lose consciousness due to lack of oxygen

  • aspiration

    (n.) strong desire or ambition; inhalation of fluid

  • assault

    (n.) violent attack; verb

  • assemblage

    (n.) collection or gathering of things or people

  • assert

    (v.) state confidently or forcefully

  • assess

    (v.) evaluate or estimate the nature or value of

  • assessment

    (n.) evaluation or estimation of something

  • assistance

    (n.) aid or support; help

  • assuredly

    (adv.) confidently; without doubt

  • astonished

    (adj.) greatly surprised or amazed

  • astound

    (v.) shock or greatly surprise

  • astronomer

    (n.) scientist who studies celestial bodies

  • astronomy

    (n.) study of stars

  • atmosphere

    (n.) gaseous envelope surrounding a planet; mood

  • atom

    (n.) smallest unit of matter

  • attachment

    (n.) item added or connected to another; affection

  • attain

    (v.) succeed in achieving or reaching

  • attend

    (v.) be present at an event; give focused attention

  • attendance

    (n.) number of people present or the act of being there

  • attendant

    (n.) person who assists or is present

  • attention

    (n.) focus of mental concentration or awareness

  • attire

    (n.) clothing or outfit worn by someone

  • attraction

    (n.) appeal that draws interest or attention

  • attractive

    (adj.) pleasing or charming to look at

  • auditorium

    (n.) large room for performances and gatherings

  • autobiography

    (n.) a person's life story written by themselves

  • available

    (adj.) ready for use or accessible

  • avocation

    (n.) minor occupation or hobby outside main work

  • awkward

    (adj.) clumsy or uncomfortable in movement

  • backdrop

    (n.) background setting for a scene or event

  • balance

    (n.) state of equilibrium or stability

  • ballet

    (n.) formal dance with precise movements

  • bandmaster

    (n.) leader of a musical band

  • bang

    (v.) to strike loudly; noun

  • bankrupt

    (adj.) financially ruined; noun

  • barbecue

    (n.) grilled meat dish or outdoor cooking method

  • barn

    (n.) farm building for storing crops or animals

  • baroque

    (adj.) ornate and elaborate artistic style

  • barren

    (adj.) empty

  • basement

    (n.) underground floor of a building

  • basin

    (n.) bowl-shaped container or natural depression

  • beaded

    (adj.) decorated with beads

  • beleaguer

    (v.) to besiege or surround with trouble

  • belie

    (v.) to give a false impression of; to contradict

  • bellows

    (n.) device for blowing air into a fire

  • benefit

    (n.) advantage or profit gained from something

  • betray

    (v.) to reveal secrets or be disloyal

  • bicameral

    (adj.) having two legislative chambers

  • biography

    (n.) written account of someone's life

  • bison

    (n.) large wild north american cattle

  • blame

    (v.) to hold responsible; noun

  • blaze

    (n.) bright flame or light; verb

  • bleak

    (adj.) charmless

  • blend

    (v.) to mix smoothly; noun

  • blight

    (n.) disease damaging plants; verb

  • bluff

    (n.) a steep cliff or high bank

  • blush

    (v.) redden of the face due to embarrassment or emotion

  • board

    (n.) flat surface for stepping or a group of people managing something

  • bold

    (adj.) daring

  • bonanza

    (n.) large

  • boom

    (n.) sudden increase or loud

  • boon

    (n.) benefit

  • boundless

    (adj.) limitless or endless in extent

  • bouquet

    (n.) an attractive arrangement of flowers

  • breach

    (n.) opening

  • breath

    (n.) air taken in or expelled during respiration

  • brilliance

    (n.) intelligence

  • brilliantly

    (adv.) done in a shining or distinguished manner

  • brim

    (n.) the edge or lip of a container

  • bronze

    (n.) metal alloy of copper and tin

  • brook

    (n.) a small stream or to tolerate

  • bunch

    (n.) a grouping of items

  • buzz

    (n.) low continuous humming sound; verb

  • buzzer

    (n.) device that produces a ringing sound

  • bypass

    (n.) road going around a town; verb

  • cabinetmaker

    (n.) craftsman making furniture with cabinets

  • calculate

    (v.) to determine by mathematical process

  • calibration

    (n.) adjustment of measuring instruments

  • cancellation

    (n.) act of calling off or invalidating

  • canopy

    (n.) covering that shelters or shades something

  • canyon

    (n.) deep valley with steep sides

  • cardinal

    (adj.) fundamental or most important; noun

  • carve

    (v.) to cut and shape material into desired form

  • carving

    (n.) art of shaping material by cutting

  • cassette

    (n.) compact case holding magnetic tape for audio

  • casting

    (n.) object made by pouring liquid into mold; act of selecting actors

  • catalyst

    (n.) substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

  • catastrophe

    (n.) sudden disaster or misfortune

  • catching

    (adj.) appealing or contagious

  • categorize

    (v.) to organize into groups or classes

  • caterpillar

    (n.) larva stage of a butterfly or moth

  • cathedral

    (n.) large christian church building

  • caution

    (n.) warning to prevent danger; verb

  • cavern

    (n.) large cave or underground chamber

  • chagrin

    (n.) distress caused by disappointment

  • chamber

    (n.) enclosed space or room

  • charcoal

    (n.) black carbon residue from burning wood

  • charitable

    (adj.) generous or ready to give help

  • chef

    (n.) professional cook of high skill

  • chill

    (v.) to become cold; noun

  • chilly

    (adj.) noticeably cold or unfriendly

  • chivalry

    (n.) medieval knightly code of honor

  • choir

    (n.) group of singers performing together

  • choke

    (v.) to struggle to breathe; noun

  • chop

    (v.) to cut into pieces; noun

  • chord

    (n.) combination of musical notes sounding together

  • chore

    (n.) routine task or minor duty

  • choreography

    (n.) arrangement of dance steps and movements

  • chorus

    (n.) group of singers; repeated part of a song

  • chromosphere

    (n.) layer of the sun's atmosphere

  • chronological

    (adj.) in order of time

  • cider

    (n.) fermented apple beverage

  • civility

    (n.) politeness and courtesy

  • civilization

    (n.) advanced human societal development

  • claim

    (v.) to assert as a fact; noun

  • clam

    (n.) edible shellfish with soft body

  • clap

    (v.) to strike hands together; noun

  • classification

    (n.) process of organizing into categories

  • clergy

    (n.) religious leaders or ministers

  • clergyman

    (n.) a male priest, minister, or religious leader, especially a christian one.

  • clog

    (n.) block or impede movement or flow

  • clumsy

    (adj.) awkward

  • clutch

    (n.) grasp tightly; seize; or a tight grip

  • coalesce

    (v.) come together to form one entity

  • codify

    (v.) organize laws into a systematic code

  • coherent

    (adj.) logical and consistent in thought or expression

  • cohesive

    (adj.) united or well integrated

  • coil

    (n.) circular or spiral shape; to wind into spirals

  • coinage

    (n.) act of inventing new words or phrases

  • coincident

    (adj.) happening at the same time; simultaneous

  • collapse

    (n.) to fall down or give way suddenly

  • collective

    (adj.) involving all members of a group

  • collide

    (v.) come into forceful contact; crash

  • collision

    (n.) an instance of one object hitting another

  • colloquialism

    (n.) informal language or expressions

  • colonel

    (n.) military rank below general

  • combination

    (n.) a joining of two or more things

  • combustible

    (adj.) capable of catching fire

  • combustion

    (n.) process of burning

  • comet

    (n.) icy celestial body with glowing tail

  • comical

    (adj.) humorous or amusing

  • commander

    (n.) a person in charge of a group or unit

  • commentary

    (n.) spoken or written explanation or discussion

  • commentator

    (n.) person who provides commentary

  • committed

    (adj.) dedicated or obligated to a cause

  • communication

    (n.) exchange of information or ideas

  • compaction

    (n.) the process of making something dense

  • companion

    (n.) a person or animal that accompanies another

  • compete

    (v.) strive to win or achieve something

  • competent

    (adj.) capable and qualified

  • competitiveness

    (n.) desire to win or be better than others

  • complacence

    (n.) smug or uncritical satisfaction

  • complement

    (n.) something that completes or enhances

  • complexity

    (n.) state of being intricate or complicated

  • complication

    (n.) a difficult or confusing detail or issue

  • compound

    (n.) substance made of two or more elements; verb

  • compression

    (n.) act of pressing together firmly

  • compromise

    (n.) an agreement through mutual concessions

  • computation

    (n.) process of calculating or computing

  • concede

    (v.) admit or yield; often reluctantly

  • conceive

    (v.) form or develop in the mind

  • conception

    (n.) the mental understanding or idea of something

  • conceptual

    (adj.) related to ideas or mental concepts

  • concerto

    (n.) musical composition for soloist and orchestra

  • concise

    (adj.) brief and to the point

  • conciseness

    (n.) the quality of being brief

  • conclusive

    (adj.) serving to settle something definitively

  • condemn

    (v.) express strong disapproval of something

  • condemnation

    (n.) expression of very strong disapproval

  • condensation

    (n.) process of reducing in volume or density

  • condense

    (v.) make denser or more concentrated

  • conduct

    (n.) behavior; verb

  • conductor

    (n.) person who directs an orchestra or leads

  • cone

    (n.) three-dimensional geometric shape with a circular base

  • confederacy

    (n.) alliance of groups or states

  • confederate

    (n.) ally or partner; adjective

  • confer

    (v.) discuss or exchange ideas; bestow or grant

  • confess

    (v.) admit to belief or wrongdoing

  • configuration

    (n.) arrangement or layout of parts

  • confirmation

    (n.) proof or validation of something

  • confluence

    (n.) junction or merging of rivers

  • conform

    (v.) comply with rules or standards

  • conformity

    (n.) compliance with standards or laws

  • confront

    (v.) face up to and deal with directly

  • congenial

    (adj.) pleasant or agreeable; friendly

  • conglomerate

    (n.) large corporation made of diverse companies

  • congregate

    (v.) gather into a crowd or group

  • conifer

    (n.) cone-bearing tree or shrub

  • conjecture

    (n.) an uncertain or speculative opinion

  • conscientious

    (adj.) diligent and careful

  • conscious

    (adj.) aware of surroundings and perceptions

  • conservatism

    (n.) resistance to change and preservation of tradition

  • consideration

    (n.) careful thought or regard for others

  • consonant

    (n.) letter produced with airflow; harmony or agreement

  • consort

    (n.) a companion or partner; verb

  • consortium

    (n.) association or partnership of businesses

  • constellation

    (n.) a pattern of stars visible in the night sky

  • constituent

    (n.) component or part of a whole; adjective

  • construction

    (n.) process of building or assembling

  • consultant

    (n.) expert providing advice professionally

  • contender

    (n.) a person competing for a prize or position

  • contention

    (n.) strong disagreement or assertion

  • context

    (n.) circumstances surrounding an event or idea

  • continental

    (adj.) relating to a continent

  • contour

    (n.) outline or shape of something

  • contract

    (n.) legal agreement; verb

  • contraction

    (n.) the act of shrinking or tightening

  • contradict

    (v.) state the opposite or deny

  • controversial

    (adj.) causing public disagreement

  • controversy

    (n.) public disagreement or dispute

  • conventional

    (adj.) based on accepted standards; traditional

  • converge

    (v.) come together from different directions

  • conversational

    (adj.) relating to informal talking

  • converse

    (v.) engage in conversation; noun

  • conversion

    (n.) process of changing from one form to another

  • converter

    (n.) device that changes or transforms

  • convex

    (adj.) curved outward like the exterior of a circle

  • convinced

    (adj.) firmly persuaded or assured

  • coop

    (n.) cage for poultry; verb

  • coordinate

    (v.) organize or align; noun

  • cornet

    (n.) a brass instrument resembling a trumpet but shorter and wider.

  • corps

    (n.) a group of people working together or a military unit

  • correspond

    (v.) to communicate or match with something else

  • corresponding

    (adj.) matching or equivalent in position or effect

  • corrode

    (v.) to slowly destroy metal or other material by chemical action

  • corrosion

    (n.) the process of rusting or wearing away of metal

  • corruption

    (n.) dishonest or illegal conduct by those in power

  • counsel

    (n.) advice or guidance given; also a lawyer or advisor

  • courthouse

    (n.) a building where legal cases are heard

  • courtship

    (n.) the period of romantic pursuit and dating

  • cowhand

    (n.) a person who works on a ranch with cattle

  • cozy

    (adj.) giving a feeling of comfort and warmth

  • crab

    (n.) a crustacean with a shell and sideways walk; also a fish

  • crack

    (n.) a sharp break or fracture; also a joke or flaw

  • crater

    (n.) a large hole made by an impact or explosion

  • credence

    (n.) belief in the truth of something

  • credential

    (n.) proof of qualification or authority

  • credit

    (n.) trustworthiness or an entry recording a sum owed

  • creditor

    (n.) a person or entity owed money

  • crimson

    (n.) a deep red color

  • crosscut

    (n.) a cut made across wood or other material

  • crumble

    (v.) to break into small pieces or fall apart

  • crystalline

    (adj.) having the structure of crystal; transparent or sparkling

  • crystallize

    (v.) to form crystals or make clear and definite

  • cubism

    (n.) an art movement emphasizing abstract forms

  • cucumber

    (n.) a long green gourd with watery flesh

  • culture

    (n.) the customs

  • cupboard

    (n.) a cabinet with shelves for storage of dishes

  • curriculum

    (n.) courses of study in an educational institution

  • custodian

    (n.) a person responsible for guarding or maintaining property

  • cylinder

    (n.) a three-dimensional shape with circular ends

  • daisy

    (n.) a flower with white petals and yellow center

  • daring

    (adj.) willing to take risks; courageous

  • dazzling

    (adj.) stunningly impressive or beautiful

  • debtor

    (n.) a person or entity that owes money

  • decay

    (n.) decline or decomposition over time

  • deception

    (n.) the act of misleading or lying

  • deck

    (n.) a flat surface or a set of playing cards

  • declaration

    (n.) a formal statement or announcement

  • decompose

    (v.) to break down into simpler parts

  • decomposition

    (n.) the process of decay or breaking down

  • decorate

    (v.) to make surface more attractive or festive

  • decoration

    (n.) adornment or ornamentation

  • defect

    (n.) a flaw or imperfection

  • defer

    (v.) to postpone or delay

  • deform

    (v.) to distort or misshape

  • deformation

    (n.) the act or state of being deformed

  • delectable

    (adj.) highly pleasing or delicious

  • delegate

    (n.) a person authorized to represent others

  • deliberate

    (adj.) done intentionally or carefully considered

  • delta

    (n.) a landform at river's mouth; shaped like a triangle

  • democracy

    (n.) government by the people or elected representatives

  • demolition

    (n.) the act of destroying a building or structure

  • denomination

    (n.) a recognized religious or monetary unit

  • denounce

    (v.) to publicly condemn or accuse

  • dent

    (n.) a shallow hollow or indentation

  • dentistry

    (n.) the branch of medicine dealing with teeth

  • departure

    (n.) leaving a place or starting point

  • deplete

    (v.) to use up or exhaust supply

  • depositor

    (n.) a person who deposits money in a bank

  • depot

    (n.) a storage place or transportation hub

  • depreciation

    (n.) reduction in value over time

  • deprive

    (v.) to take away or withhold

  • derivative

    (n.) something derived from another source

  • descent

    (n.) an act of going down or ancestry

  • desert

    (n.) a dry

  • deserve

    (v.) to be worthy of or entitled to

  • desire

    (n.) a strong feeling of wanting something

  • despoil

    (v.) to violently rob or spoil

  • dessert

    (n.) sweet course after a meal

  • destine

    (v.) to determine or designate beforehand

  • destructive

    (adj.) causing ruin or damage

  • detectable

    (adj.) able to be discovered or noticed

  • detergent

    (n.) cleaning agent to remove dirt or stains

  • deteriorate

    (v.) to worsen or decline in condition

  • detrimental

    (adj.) causing harm or damage

  • devastating

    (adj.) highly destructive or overwhelming

  • devastation

    (n.) great destruction or ruin

  • devious

    (adj.) dishonest or indirect in action

  • devoid

    (adj.) entirely lacking or empty of

  • devote

    (v.) to give time or effort completely to something

  • devour

    (v.) to eat greedily or consume entirely

  • diagnose

    (v.) to identify an illness or problem

  • dietary

    (adj.) related to diet or nutrition

  • dietitian

    (n.) a nutrition expert or specialist

  • diffusion

    (n.) the process of spreading or scattering

  • digest

    (v.) to break down food or information; noun

  • diligent

    (adj.) showing careful and persistent effort

  • dime

    (n.) a ten-cent coin

  • dinosaur

    (n.) extinct large reptile from ancient times

  • dioxide

    (n.) a compound with two oxygen atoms (co2)

  • disapproval

    (n.) a feeling of disagreement or displeasure

  • disaster

    (n.) a sudden catastrophic event

  • discern

    (v.) to perceive or recognize clearly

  • discharge

    (v.) to release or let go; noun

  • disconnect

    (v.) to sever or detach; noun

  • discontent

    (n.) dissatisfaction or unhappiness

  • discourage

    (v.) to dissuade or diminish confidence

  • dismay

    (n.) distress caused by disappointment or fear

  • dismember

    (v.) to cut into parts or cut off limbs

  • dispatch

    (v.) to send promptly; noun

  • displacement

    (n.) forced movement from original position

  • dispute

    (n.) argument or disagreement

  • dissimilar

    (adj.) not alike; different

  • distinct

    (adj.) clearly different; separate

  • distinctly

    (adv.) clearly and unmistakably

  • distinguish

    (v.) recognize or identify differences

  • distribution

    (n.) arrangement or spreading out

  • divergence

    (n.) act of moving apart; deviation

  • divergent

    (adj.) going in different directions

  • diverse

    (adj.) showing a variety; different

  • diversion

    (n.) change of course or activity

  • division

    (n.) act of separating or splitting

  • documentation

    (n.) supporting records or papers

  • dogged

    (adj.) persistent and determined

  • dogma

    (n.) established belief or principle

  • domesticate

    (v.) tame or raise animals at home

  • dormitory

    (n.) a building providing sleeping quarters

  • doubt

    (n.) uncertainty or unsureness

  • downtown

    (n.) city center area

  • draw

    (v.) to produce an image by pen or pencil

  • drawer

    (n.) person or thing that draws

  • drawing

    (n.) picture created with pen or pencil

  • drill

    (n.) repetitive practice or training

  • dwarf

    (n.) something much smaller than normal

  • dweller

    (n.) person or animal that resides somewhere

  • dye

    (v.) to color or stain with a dye

  • dynamics

    (n.) forces that produce movement

  • eager

    (adj.) very enthusiastic or excited

  • earthenware

    (n.) pottery made of clay

  • eccentric

    (adj.) unconventional or odd

  • eclectic

    (adj.) selecting from various sources

  • eclipse

    (n.) obscuring of one celestial body

  • ecologist

    (n.) scientist studying ecology

  • economics

    (n.) study of money and resources

  • elevation

    (n.) height above a reference point

  • elimination

    (n.) act of removing or getting rid of

  • elite

    (n.) select group with superior status

  • elusive

    (adj.) hard to catch or define

  • embellish

    (v.) decorate or enhance

  • embellishment

    (n.) decorative addition

  • embroider

    (v.) decorate with stitched designs

  • embryo

    (n.) developing organism in womb

  • embryological

    (adj.) relating to embryo development

  • emerge

    (v.) come into view or existence

  • emergence

    (n.) process of coming into being

  • emerging

    (adj.) coming into existence

  • encourage

    (v.) give support or confidence

  • encyclopedia

    (n.) comprehensive info resource

  • endeavor

    (n.) serious effort or attempt

  • energetic

    (adj.) full of energy

  • engaging

    (adj.) charming or interesting

  • engrave

    (v.) carve or inscribe into surface

  • engulf

    (v.) surround or cover completely

  • entanglement

    (n.) state of being tangled

  • enterprise

    (n.) business or project

  • entertain

    (v.) amuse or hold attention

  • entertainment

    (n.) activity providing amusement

  • entry

    (n.) act of entering or a way in

  • enzyme

    (n.) biological catalyst speeding reactions

  • episode

    (n.) event or incident in series

  • equipment

    (n.) tools or gear needed

  • eradicate

    (v.) eliminate or wipe out

  • erect

    (v.) build or raise upright

  • erosion

    (n.) wearing away of earth

  • escape

    (v.) break free or get away

  • essay

    (n.) short written composition

  • eventful

    (adj.) full of important events

  • everlasting

    (adj.) never ends; eternal

  • evoke

    (v.) bring to mind or produce

  • evolution

    (n.) gradual development or change

  • evolve

    (v.) develop gradually over time

  • excavation

    (n.) act of digging up

  • excel

    (v.) perform better than others

  • excite

    (v.) cause strong feelings

  • exciting

    (adj.) causing enthusiasm

  • exclaim

    (v.) cry out suddenly

  • execution

    (n.) carrying out or performing

  • exempt

    (adj.) free from obligation

  • exert

    (v.) apply effort or influence

  • exhale

    (v.) breathe out air

  • exhausted

    (adj.) very tired or drained

  • expand

    (v.) increase in size or scope

  • exploit

    (v.) utilize or take advantage of

  • expressive

    (adj.) effectively conveying feelings

  • extinction

    (n.) dying out or disappearance

  • eyewitness

    (n.) person who sees an event

  • fabric

    (n.) woven material or structure

  • fabricate

    (v.) invent or construct falsely

  • facelift

    (n.) cosmetic surgery to improve appearance

  • facilitation

    (n.) making process easier

  • faction

    (n.) group within a larger organization

  • faithful

    (adj.) loyal or true

  • falcon

    (n.) bird of prey with sharp eyesight

  • falconer

    (n.) person who trains falcons

  • fanatical

    (adj.) filled with extreme enthusiasm

  • fancy

    (n.) elaborate design or idea

  • farce

    (n.) ridiculous or mock comedy

  • fascinate

    (v.) attract and hold interest

  • fascination

    (n.) intense attraction or interest

  • fasten

    (v.) secure or attach firmly

  • fatal

    (adj.) causing death

  • fateful

    (adj.) having significant consequences

  • faucet

    (n.) device for controlling water flow

  • fault

    (n.) defect or failure in something or someone

  • fauna

    (n.) animals of a particular region or period

  • feasible

    (adj.) possible to do easily or conveniently

  • feat

    (n.) notable achievement or accomplishment

  • fencing

    (n.) sport of fighting with swords

  • fender

    (n.) car part preventing bumper damage

  • ferment

    (v.) undergo fermentation; noun

  • fertilizer

    (n.) substance to enhance plant growth

  • festival

    (n.) organized celebration or event

  • feud

    (n.) long-standing bitter quarrel

  • filter

    (n.) device to remove impurities; verb

  • finch

    (n.) small songbird with a conical beak

  • fir

    (n.) evergreen coniferous tree

  • fittingly

    (adv.) appropriately; suitably

  • fixture

    (n.) permanent object fixed in place

  • flag

    (n.) banner or piece of cloth for signaling; verb

  • flagella

    (n.) whip-like structures for cell movement

  • flaw

    (n.) imperfection or defect

  • flea

    (n.) tiny jumping insect that feeds on blood

  • flickering

    (v.) wavering unsteadily; noun

  • fluctuation

    (n.) irregular change or variation

  • folding

    (n.) act of bending or collapsing; adjective

  • footnote

    (n.) additional information at page bottom

  • footpath

    (n.) narrow path for pedestrians

  • foray

    (n.) sudden attack or initial attempt

  • forebear

    (n.) ancestor or predecessor

  • forefather

    (n.) ancestor from earlier generations

  • forefront

    (n.) leading or most important position

  • foresee

    (v.) to predict or anticipate

  • foresight

    (n.) ability to predict future events

  • formalized

    (adj.) made official or structured

  • formation

    (n.) arrangement or structure

  • formative

    (adj.) shaping development or growth

  • formidable

    (adj.) inspiring fear or respect

  • formulate

    (v.) to develop or express methodically

  • fort

    (n.) strong military position or stronghold

  • fortuitous

    (adj.) happening by chance

  • fortune

    (n.) luck or wealth or a large sum of money

  • foul

    (adj.) offensive or disgusting; noun

  • fracture

    (n.) break or crack in a bone or material

  • fray

    (n.) fight or skirmish; verb

  • freight

    (n.) goods carried commercially; verb

  • freighter

    (n.) ship or vehicle that carries cargo

  • fresco

    (n.) wall painting done on wet plaster

  • friction

    (n.) resistance caused by rubbing surfaces

  • frost

    (n.) ice crystals on surfaces; verb

  • fume

    (n.) smoke or vapor; verb

  • funding

    (n.) money provided for a particular purpose

  • fuse

    (n.) device that melts to trigger an explosion; verb

  • gallant

    (adj.) brave or chivalrous; noun

  • gallantry

    (n.) courageous and courteous behavior

  • garb

    (n.) clothing or outfit

  • generalization

    (n.) broad statement based on common traits

  • generate

    (v.) to produce or create

  • genesis

    (n.) origin or beginning of something

  • genetically

    (adv.) relating to genes or inheritance

  • genetics

    (n.) study of inheritance and genes

  • genuine

    (adj.) authentic or real

  • germ

    (n.) microorganism causing disease; seed or origin

  • gilding

    (n.) application of gold leaf or paint

  • girder

    (n.) steel or wood beam in construction

  • glamorous

    (adj.) charmingly attractive or exciting

  • gland

    (n.) organ secreting substances in the body

  • glassware

    (n.) objects made of glass for drinking or storage

  • glider

    (n.) aircraft without engine; smooth gliding object

  • glorify

    (v.) to praise or honor highly

  • gnaw

    (v.) to bite or chew persistently

  • gorgeous

    (adj.) stunningly beautiful or attractive

  • graph

    (n.) diagram representing data or relationships

  • grasp

    (n.) understanding or grip; verb

  • grind

    (v.) to crush or smooth by rubbing; noun

  • gulf

    (n.) large gap or difference; a large coastal inlet

  • gust

    (n.) sudden strong burst of wind

  • gyration

    (n.) spinning or circular motion

  • hail

    (n.) frozen precipitation; verb

  • hamburger

    (n.) cooked ground beef in bread bun

  • handful

    (n.) quantity that can be held in one hand

  • handicap

    (n.) disadvantage or impediment; verb

  • handicraft

    (n.) handmade craft or artisanal work

  • handy

    (adj.) convenient or useful

  • harden

    (v.) to make or become solid or tough

  • harmful

    (adj.) causing harm or damage

  • harmonious

    (adj.) musically or aesthetically balanced

  • harmonize

    (v.) to bring into harmony; to agree

  • harmony

    (n.) pleasing arrangement or agreement

  • hasten

    (v.) to hurry or accelerate

  • hatch

    (v.) to emerge from an egg; noun

  • hatchery

    (n.) facility for hatching eggs

  • hatchling

    (n.) newly hatched animal or bird

  • haunt

    (v.) to frequent or occupy; noun

  • hazard

    (n.) danger or risk; verb

  • hazardous

    (adj.) involving or involving risk

  • heal

    (v.) to become healthy again; to repair damage

  • healing

    (n.) process of recovery or fixing

  • healthful

    (adj.) promoting good health

  • heap

    (n.) pile of objects; verb

  • heel

    (n.) back part of the foot; verb

  • heroism

    (n.) brave or noble behavior in danger

  • heterogeneous

    (adj.) diverse in different elements

  • hierarchy

    (n.) ranked order of authority or status

  • hinge

    (n.) pivot point allowing movement or connection

  • hint

    (n.) subtle clue or suggestion

  • horde

    (n.) large group of people or animals

  • hornbill

    (n.) tropical bird with a prominent bill

  • horticulture

    (n.) cultivation of gardens and plants

  • hovercraft

    (n.) vehicle gliding over water or land

  • hub

    (n.) central point of activity or transport

  • huddle

    (n.) close grouping of people or animals

  • hue

    (n.) color shade or tint

  • humid

    (adj.) containing a lot of moisture; damp

  • humidity

    (n.) amount of moisture in the air

  • humiliate

    (v.) cause someone to feel ashamed or foolish

  • hump

    (n.) mound or raised part of ground or back

  • hurricane

    (n.) violent tropical storm with strong winds

  • hustle

    (v.) move quickly with energy or urgency

  • hydrogen

    (n.) lightest chemical element; colorless gas

  • hygiene

    (n.) practices to ensure cleanliness and health

  • hypothesis

    (n.) proposed explanation for phenomena

  • iceberg

    (n.) large floating mass of freshwater ice

  • identify

    (v.) recognize or establish identity

  • ideological

    (adj.) based on a system of ideas or beliefs

  • illumination

    (n.) lighting or act of illuminating

  • illusive

    (adj.) deceptive or misleading

  • imagery

    (n.) visual images or figurative language

  • impediment

    (n.) obstacle or barrier to progress

  • impending

    (adj.) about to happen soon

  • import

    (v.) bring goods into a country

  • impose

    (v.) forcibly establish or apply

  • impracticality

    (n.) state of being unfeasible or unrealistic

  • imprisonment

    (n.) confinement or captivity in prison

  • improvise

    (v.) create or perform spontaneously

  • impulse

    (n.) sudden urge to act

  • incidentally

    (adv.) by the way or as a minor detail

  • incise

    (v.) cut into or carve

  • incorporate

    (v.) include or integrate as part of whole

  • incorporation

    (n.) act of combining or including

  • incredulous

    (adj.) unwilling to believe something

  • incur

    (v.) become subject to or experience something undesirable

  • indenture

    (n.) legally binding agreement or contract

  • indigestion

    (n.) discomfort from stomach upset after eating

  • indignant

    (adj.) feeling or showing anger at unfairness

  • individualism

    (n.) emphasis on personal independence

  • inducible

    (adj.) capable of being induced or stimulated

  • industrious

    (adj.) hardworking and diligent

  • infancy

    (n.) early stage of development or life

  • infectious

    (adj.) capable of spreading disease

  • infer

    (v.) conclude based on evidence or reasoning

  • inflation

    (n.) increase in prices and decrease in currency value

  • influenza

    (n.) contagious viral infection; flu

  • informal

    (adj.) relaxed or casual in style or setting

  • infusion

    (n.) process of adding or injecting fluid

  • ingenious

    (adj.) clever or inventive

  • inheritance

    (n.) assets received from predecessor

  • initiate

    (v.) begin or start something

  • injury

    (n.) harm or damage to body or property

  • innumerable

    (adj.) countless or too many to count

  • insistence

    (n.) firm demand or pressure

  • instinctively

    (adv.) done automatically without thinking

  • institute

    (n.) organization or foundation for a purpose

  • intellect

    (n.) one’s mental capacity or intelligence

  • intelligence

    (n.) ability to learn and understand

  • intentionally

    (adv.) done deliberately or on purpose

  • interaction

    (n.) reciprocal action or communication

  • intersect

    (v.) cross or meet at a point

  • interstellar

    (adj.) between stars or in space

  • intimacy

    (n.) close familiarity or personal relationship

  • intricate

    (adj.) very detailed or complex

  • intrigue

    (n.) secret scheme or fascination

  • intriguing

    (adj.) arousing curiosity or interest

  • invariably

    (adv.) always; without change or exception

  • inventory

    (n.) detailed list of items or assets

  • invertebrate

    (n.) animal without backbone

  • inviting

    (adj.) attractive or welcoming

  • ion

    (n.) electrically charged atom or molecule

  • irregular

    (adj.) not evenly or consistently shaped or occurring

  • jellyfish

    (n.) soft-bodied aquatic animal with tentacles

  • jewelry

    (n.) adornments worn for personal decoration

  • judgment

    (n.) ability to make considered decisions

  • jumble

    (n.) confused mixture or mess

  • junction

    (n.) point where two things meet

  • jurisdiction

    (n.) legal authority or control

  • jury

    (n.) group that assesses evidence in court

  • justify

    (v.) show or prove to be right or reasonable

  • juxtaposition

    (n.) placing side by side for comparison

  • keen

    (adj.) eager

  • kernel

    (n.) edible seed inside a fruit or nut

  • keyboard

    (n.) device for inputting text or commands

  • knapsack

    (n.) bag carried on the back

  • laborious

    (adj.) requiring much effort or work

  • lace

    (n.) decorative fabric or string for tying

  • lag

    (v.) fall behind in development or progress

  • lampshade

    (n.) cover that softens or directs light

  • landmass

    (n.) large area of land in a continent or island

  • lateral

    (adj.) relating to the side or sides

  • launch

    (v.) begin or set in motion

  • league

    (n.) unit of distance or association of teams

  • legume

    (n.) edible seed in pod

  • leisure

    (n.) free time for relaxation

  • lethal

    (adj.) sufficient to cause death

  • lettuce

    (n.) leafy salad vegetable

  • liable

    (adj.) legally responsible or prone to something

  • libel

    (n.) false statement harming reputation.

  • lift

    (v.) raise to a higher position.

  • limb

    (n.) arm

  • lineage

    (n.) descent from ancestors; family line.

  • linger

    (v.) stay longer; delay leaving.

  • lively

    (adj.) full of energy and activity.

  • livestock

    (n.) farm animals raised for use.

  • lobby

    (n.) room providing access to others.

  • lobster

    (n.) large marine crustacean with claws.

  • locomote

    (v.) move from one place to another.

  • lodging

    (n.) temporary accommodation or housing.

  • longitude

    (n.) east-west geographic coordinate.

  • loom

    (n.) wooden frame for weaving fabric.

  • loop

    (n.) shape formed by a curve.

  • lull

    (v.) calm or soothe to sleep.

  • lure

    (v.) tempt or attract with promise.

  • magic

    (n.) supernatural power; illusion.

  • magical

    (adj.) relating to magic; enchanting.

  • magnesium

    (n.) chemical element

  • magnetic

    (adj.) attracting iron or similar materials.

  • magnetism

    (n.) force exerted by a magnet.

  • makeup

    (n.) cosmetics or facial features.

  • malleable

    (adj.) capable of being shaped.

  • mandate

    (n.) official order or command.

  • mania

    (n.) excessive enthusiasm or obsession.

  • mantle

    (n.) cloth covering or layer.

  • manually

    (adv.) done by hand.

  • map

    (n.) diagram of geographic area.

  • margin

    (n.) edge or border of something.

  • mask

    (n.) cover for face or concealment.

  • masonry

    (n.) brick or stone construction.

  • mate

    (n.) partner or companion.

  • meager

    (adj.) lacking in quantity or quality.

  • measures

    (n.) actions taken to achieve a goal.

  • mechanical

    (adj.) operated by machinery.

  • mechanics

    (n.) study of motion and forces.

  • mechanism

    (n.) device with moving parts.

  • mechanized

    (adj.) operated by machines.

  • memorize

    (v.) commit to memory.

  • menace

    (n.) threat or danger.

  • menu

    (n.) list of food offerings.

  • merge

    (v.) combine or unite into one.

  • merger

    (n.) combining of two companies.

  • meteor

    (n.) space rock entering atmosphere.

  • metropolitan

    (adj.) relating to a large city.

  • microorganism

    (n.) tiny living organism.

  • microwave

    (n.) appliance for quick heating.

  • mime

    (n.) performer imitating actions silently.

  • mingle

    (v.) mix or socialize.

  • mingling

    (n.) act of mixing socially.

  • minimalist

    (adj.) simple stripped-down style.

  • minimize

    (v.) reduce to smallest amount.

  • minority

    (n.) smaller part of a group.

  • miraculous

    (adj.) amazing wonder-inspiring.

  • mislead

    (v.) give false impression.

  • modify

    (v.) change or alter.

  • moisten

    (v.) make slightly wet.

  • monotonous

    (adj.) boring repetitive.

  • monster

    (n.) large frightening creature.

  • morale

    (n.) confidence spirit of a group.

  • morphology

    (n.) study of word structure.

  • multicellular

    (adj.) composed of many cells.

  • multitude

    (n.) large number; crowd.

  • mundane

    (adj.) ordinary everyday.

  • mutual

    (adj.) shared reciprocal.

  • mysterious

    (adj.) difficult to explain.

  • naked

    (adj.) not wearing clothes.

  • naturalist

    (n.) person studying nature.

  • neat

    (adj.) tidy; well-organized.

  • negate

    (v.) nullify; deny existence.

  • negative

    (adj.) pessimistic; unfavorable.

  • negligent

    (adj.) careless; neglectful.

  • neoclassical

    (adj.) reviving classical styles.

  • neon

    (n.) bright glowing gas tube.

  • nervous

    (adj.) anxious or worried.

  • neuron

    (n.) nerve cell transmitting signals.

  • newscast

    (n.) a radio or television broadcast of news reports.

  • newsstand

    (n.) stand selling newspapers.

  • nickel

    (n.) coin worth five cents.

  • nicotine

    (n.) addictive chemical in tobacco.

  • nominate

    (v.) propose someone's name.

  • nominee

    (n.) person officially proposed.

  • nonetheless

    (adv.) despite that; nevertheless.

  • nonprofessional

    (adj.) not formally trained.

  • norm

    (n.) standard or typical pattern.

  • nourishment

    (n.) food necessary for life.

  • novice

    (n.) beginner; new learner.

  • objection

    (n.) expression of disapproval.

  • obliterate

    (v.) destroy completely.

  • obscure

    (adj.) not clear or known.

  • obstruction

    (n.) blockage or hindrance.

  • obtainable

    (adj.) able to be acquired.

  • occupation

    (n.) job or profession.

  • occurrence

    (n.) event or incident.

  • octopus

    (n.) eight-limbed sea creature.

  • oddly

    (adv.) in a strange manner.

  • offshore

    (adj.) away from the coast.

  • offspring

    (n.) child or young produced.

  • ongoing

    (adj,) continuing; in progress.

  • onset

    (n.) beginning of something.

  • onslaught

    (n.) sudden attack or assault.

  • opera

    (n.) a dramatic work combining music and staged performance

  • opponent

    (n.) a person who opposes another in competition or debate

  • opposing

    (adj.) being against or in contrast to something or someone

  • opposition

    (n.) resistance or dissent towards an idea or action

  • option

    (n.) a choice or alternative available

  • optometrist

    (n.) a professional who tests eye vision and prescribes glasses

  • orchestra

    (n.) a group of musicians playing together

  • ordinance

    (n.) a law or regulation enacted by authority

  • orientation

    (n.) the direction or position of something relative to surroundings

  • ornament

    (n.) a decorative object added for beauty

  • ornamental

    (adj.) serving no practical purpose

  • ornamentation

    (n.) the act or process of decorating

  • outbreak

    (n.) a sudden occurrence of something undesirable

  • outfit

    (n.) a set of clothing worn together

  • outgrowth

    (n.) something that develops from or results from something else

  • outlet

    (n.) a means of expressing or releasing something; a store or shop

  • outright

    (adj.) complete or total; directly

  • outset

    (n.) the beginning or start of something

  • overcast

    (adj.) covered with clouds; dull or gloomy

  • overcome

    (v.) to defeat or succeed over difficulty

  • overtime

    (adv.) additional time worked beyond regular hours

  • overwhelm

    (v.) to overpower or bury willingly or forcibly

  • oxygen

    (n.) a gas vital for respiration in most life forms

  • packed

    (adj.) tightly filled or crowded; prepared for travel

  • palatable

    (adj.) pleasant or acceptable to taste or mind

  • palette

    (n.) a range of colors used by an artist; a board for mixing colors

  • pallid

    (adj.) abnormally pale

  • pamphlet

    (n.) a small booklet or brochure

  • panel

    (n.) a flat or curved component; a unit of a discussion group

  • parallel

    (adj.) extending in the same direction without intersecting

  • parameter

    (n.) a measurable factor or boundary defining a system

  • parasite

    (n.) an organism that lives on or in a host at host's expense

  • particle

    (n.) a tiny piece of a substance

  • particulate

    (n.) a minute fragment suspended in a medium

  • pastel

    (n.) a soft light shade of a color; a drawing medium

  • patch

    (n.) a small area different from surrounding material; a piece of cloth used to mend

  • pathogen

    (n.) a microorganism causing disease

  • patriarchal

    (adj.) relating to a social system ruled by males

  • patrol

    (n.) a designated route for security or observation; verb

  • patron

    (n.) a person who supports or sponsors someone or something

  • patronizing

    (adj.) condescending or showing superiority

  • pave

    (v.) to cover with a hard surface

  • paycheck

    (n.) a check given for wages earned

  • peninsula

    (n.) a land surrounded by water on three sides

  • pensive

    (adj.) engaged in deep or serious thought

  • perceive

    (v.) to become aware of through the senses or mind

  • perch

    (v.) to sit or rest on a raised place; noun

  • perfect

    (adj.) complete and without flaws; verb

  • perform

    (v.) to carry out a task or entertain an audience

  • performance

    (n.) the act of performing; a presentation or display

  • period

    (n.) a length of time; a punctuation mark

  • permission

    (n.) the act of allowing or consenting

  • permissive

    (adj.) allowing or excusing behaviour; lenient

  • perplex

    (v.) to confuse or puzzle someone

  • persist

    (v.) to continue firmly despite difficulty

  • persistent

    (adj.) continuing firmly or obstinately

  • personality

    (n.) individual's characteristic set of attributes

  • perspective

    (n.) a particular attitude or way of viewing things

  • persuade

    (v.) to convince someone to do or believe something

  • persuasive

    (adj.) good at convincing others

  • pesticide

    (n.) a substance used to kill pests

  • pestilence

    (n.) widespread disease or pest outbreak

  • petroleum

    (n.) a liquid fossil fuel used for energy

  • phase

    (n.) a distinct period or stage in process

  • phenomenon

    (n.) a remarkable or unusual event or occurrence

  • philharmonic

    (n.) an orchestra or musical group; adjective

  • philosophy

    (n.) a study of fundamental questions about existence and knowledge

  • phonetics

    (n.) the study of sounds of human speech

  • physiology

    (n.) the science of body functions and processes

  • pill

    (n.) a small solid drug for swallowing

  • pillar

    (n.) a tall vertical support structure

  • pillow

    (n.) a soft cushion for resting head

  • pinch

    (n.) a small amount of something; verb

  • pit

    (n.) a large hole in the ground; a hollow beneath the surface

  • pitch

    (n.) a tone's highness or lowness; a throw; verb

  • pitcher

    (n.) a container for liquids; a player who throws in baseball

  • pivot

    (v.) to turn on a point; noun

  • pivotal

    (adj.) of crucial importance in a situation or issue

  • plainly

    (adv.) in a clear or simple manner

  • planet

    (n.) a large celestial body orbiting a star

  • plank

    (n.) a long

  • plasma

    (n.) a state of matter; a high-temperature ionized gas

  • plaster

    (n.) a substance for coating walls or wounds; verb

  • platelike

    (adj.) shaped like a flat plate or sheet

  • pleasing

    (adj.) giving satisfaction or enjoyment

  • plight

    (n.) a difficult or challenging situation

  • plumage

    (n.) feathers covering a bird

  • plumb

    (adj.) exactly vertical; adverb

  • plumber

    (n.) a person who installs or repairs water systems

  • pole

    (n.) a long stick or cylindrical object; a geographic axis

  • pollution

    (n.) introduction of contaminants into environment

  • polygon

    (n.) a shape with many straight sides

  • populous

    (adj.) having a large population

  • porcelain

    (n.) a hard

  • portraiture

    (n.) the art of creating portraits

  • portray

    (v.) to depict or represent visually or in words

  • portrayal

    (n.) the act of depicting or representing something or someone

  • pose

    (n.) a posture or position; verb

  • possession

    (n.) ownership or control of something

  • postcard

    (n.) a card for sending messages without an envelope

  • postdate

    (v.) to set a future date on a document or check

  • posthumous

    (adj.) occurring after death; published post-mortem

  • postwar

    (adj.) happening after a war; occurring after wartime

  • potter

    (n.) person who makes ceramic pots; ceramic craftsman

  • practical

    (adj.) useful; feasible; suitable for actual use

  • practicality

    (n.) usefulness; feasibility; real-world application

  • preach

    (v.) deliver religious messages; try to influence others

  • precede

    (v.) come before in time or order

  • precedent

    (n.) a standard for future actions; previous case

  • preceding

    (adj.) coming before in time or order

  • predator

    (n.) an organism that hunts other animals

  • predominate

    (v.) be greater in number or importance

  • preference

    (n.) liking for one thing over another

  • prehistoric

    (adj.) before recorded history; ancient times

  • prescribe

    (v.) recommend officially; set down as a rule

  • preservation

    (n.) protection from decay or harm

  • presumably

    (adv.) probably; likely; assumed to be true

  • pretense

    (n.) false display of feeling; act of pretending

  • pretension

    (n.) claim to importance; affected dignity

  • primate

    (n.) a mammal like monkeys

  • primitive

    (adj.) basic; not developed; ancient

  • primordial

    (adj.) existing at the very beginning; primitive

  • process

    (n.) series of steps to achieve something

  • proclaim

    (v.) announce officially or publicly

  • produce

    (v.) create or bring into existence; yield

  • profound

    (adj.) of deep meaning; intense; significant

  • prohibit

    (v.) formally forbade; ban

  • project

    (n.) planned activity or assignment; proposal

  • prominent

    (adj.) notable; easily seen; famous

  • prompt

    (adj.) immediate; quick to respond

  • pronounced

    (adj.) very noticeable or distinct

  • propagate

    (v.) spread or multiply; reproduce

  • proper

    (adj.) correct; suitable; appropriate

  • property

    (n.) something owned; land or possessions

  • proprietorship

    (n.) ownership or business arrangement

  • protectionist

    (n.) person favoring protection of local industry

  • protein

    (n.) nutrient found in food

  • provocative

    (adj.) causing a response or reaction

  • prudent

    (adj.) cautious; careful; wise

  • psychoanalysis

    (n.) therapy revealing subconscious thoughts

  • publicize

    (v.) make information widely known

  • pulse

    (n.) rhythmic heartbeat; signal of life

  • punch

    (n.) forceful hit; beverage with alcohol and fruit

  • puncture

    (n.) hole made by piercing; wound

  • pupil

    (n.) student or the opening in the eye

  • purification

    (n.) cleaning or cleansing process

  • purple

    (n.) a color between red and blue

  • puzzle

    (n.) problem that tests ingenuity; enigma

  • pyramid

    (n.) structure with triangular sides; tomb in egypt

  • quail

    (n.) small game bird; to feel afraid

  • qualification

    (n.) skill or attribute needed for something

  • quartz

    (n.) hard mineral used in watches and electronics

  • quest

    (n.) long search for something important

  • quiescent

    (adj.) in a resting or inactive state

  • quilt

    (n.) bedding made of padding and fabric layers

  • radiant

    (adj.) shining brightly; glowing with happiness

  • raft

    (n.) flat structure for floating on water

  • rainbow

    (n.) arc of colors in the sky after rain

  • rally

    (n.) gather for support or demonstration; march

  • ratify

    (v.) officially approve or confirm

  • ration

    (n.) a fixed portion of supplies; allotment

  • rational

    (adj.) logical; reasonable; sensible

  • rationing

    (n.) controlled distribution of resources

  • rattle

    (n.) short

  • raven

    (n.) large black bird; to rapidly eat

  • rawhide

    (n.) untanned animal hide used for dog chews

  • raze

    (v.) completely destroy; level to the ground

  • readjust

    (v.) change or fix again; modify

  • rebroadcast

    (v.) broadcast again; retransmit

  • receptacle

    (n.) container or holder

  • reception

    (n.) act of receiving; greeting or welcome

  • recital

    (n.) performance of music or poetry

  • reckon

    (v.) think or suppose; count or calculate

  • recognition

    (n.) identification; acknowledgment

  • recreation

    (n.) activity for fun or relaxation

  • rectangle

    (n.) four-sided shape with right angles

  • redirect

    (v.) send somewhere different; reroute

  • reef

    (n.) ridge of coral or rocks in the sea

  • refined

    (adj.) purified; elegant; cultured

  • reformer

    (n.) person advocating change or improvement

  • refreshment

    (n.) snack or drink during break

  • refrigerant

    (n.) substance that cools in refrigeration

  • refrigeration

    (n.) cooling process for preservation

  • regulate

    (v.) control or supervise by rules

  • regulation

    (n.) rule or law for control or management

  • rejection

    (n.) refusal to accept or agree

  • rekindle

    (v.) revive or reawaken feelings or interest

  • reliance

    (n.) dependence on someone or something

  • remedy

    (n.) solution or treatment for a problem

  • render

    (v.) give or provide; cause to become

  • renewable

    (adj.) capable of being replenished

  • renewal

    (n.) act of restoring or refreshing

  • renounce

    (v.) formally give up; reject claim or belief

  • rentable

    (adj.) capable of earning profit when rented

  • rental

    (n.) payment for temporary use of property

  • reparable

    (adj.) capable of being fixed or restored

  • repetition

    (n.) act of doing or saying again

  • replica

    (n.) exact copy of an original object

  • representation

    (n.) depiction or portrayal of something

  • reproduction

    (n.) copying or duplication; offspring

  • reptile

    (n.) cold-blooded egg-laying vertebrate

  • reschedule

    (v.) change the time of an event to later

  • resemble

    (v.) look like or be similar to someone or something

  • resistance

    (n.) opposition to force or influence

  • resolution

    (n.) firm decision or determination; clarity of image

  • resolve

    (v.) settle or find a solution to a problem

  • respiration

    (n.) process of breathing in and out

  • responsible

    (adj.) accountable for actions or duties

  • restoration

    (n.) act of returning to original state

  • restriction

    (n.) limiting or controlling action

  • retailer

    (n.) person or business selling goods directly

  • retriever

    (n.) dog trained to retrieve game or objects

  • reversible

    (adj.) able to be changed back

  • revise

    (v.) make changes to improve or correct

  • revival

    (n.) renewed interest or activity

  • revocable

    (adj.) able to be canceled or withdrawn

  • revolution

    (n.) circular movement or overthrow of government

  • revolutionize

    (v.) bring about radical change

  • rhetoric

    (n.) art of persuasive speaking or writing

  • ridiculous

    (adj.) deserving mockery or derision

  • rinse

    (v.) wash lightly with water

  • rival

    (n.) competitor or opponent

  • rivalry

    (n.) competition or rivalry between entities

  • roar

    (n.) loud

  • roast

    (v.) cook with dry heat; noun

  • roll

    (v.) rotate along a surface; noun

  • rooster

    (n.) male bird of domestic chicken

  • roughly

    (adv.) approximately or with irregularity

  • routinely

    (adv.) regularly or as a habit

  • rubble

    (n.) broken debris from destruction

  • rupture

    (n.) break or tear apart; verb

  • rural

    (adj.) related to countryside areas

  • rust

    (n.) reddish-brown corrosion on metal; verb

  • sack

    (n.) large bag; verb

  • sacred

    (adj.) regarded with reverence or holiness

  • saga

    (n.) lengthy story or legend

  • sanction

    (n.) official approval or penalty; verb

  • sap

    (n.) fluid from plants; verb

  • sapphire

    (n.) precious blue gemstone

  • satisfactory

    (adj.) meeting requirements or expectations

  • scabbard

    (n.) sheath for a sword or blade

  • scale

    (n.) device to measure; or a series of levels; verb

  • scarlet

    (n.) bright red color; adjective

  • scavenger

    (n.) animal or person that retrieves discarded items

  • scholarly

    (adj.) showing knowledge or learning

  • score

    (n.) marks or points earned; total or record

  • scrape

    (v.) drag or scratch a surface; noun

  • scraping

    (n.) act of removing or scratching

  • scratch

    (v.) scrape or mark surface; noun

  • screw

    (n.) threaded fastener; verb

  • screwdriver

    (n.) tool used to turn screws

  • scuba

    (n.) equipment for underwater diving; verb

  • sculpt

    (v.) carve or shape material into art

  • sculptor

    (n.) person who creates sculptures

  • seabed

    (n.) bottom of the ocean or sea

  • seashore

    (n.) land along the edge of the sea

  • sectional

    (adj.) relating to sections or parts

  • sediment

    (n.) particles settling at the bottom of a liquid

  • seismic

    (adj.) related to or caused by earthquakes

  • seismology

    (n.) study of earthquakes and earth's movements

  • selection

    (n.) choice of options or items

  • semiliterate

    (adj.) having limited reading or writing skills

  • senator

    (n.) member of a legislative body

  • sensible

    (adj.) practical and reasonable

  • sensitive

    (adj.) easily affected or responsive

  • serene

    (adj.) calm

  • setting

    (n.) environment or surrounding place

  • shade

    (n.) area sheltered from direct light

  • shaft

    (n.) long narrow part or passage

  • shell

    (n.) hard outer covering of some animals; verb

  • shepherd

    (n.) person who tends to sheep or livestock

  • shrink

    (v.) become smaller or contract

  • sick

    (adj.) unwell or affected by illness

  • signify

    (v.) to indicate or mean something

  • skull

    (n.) bony structure of a human head

  • slice

    (n.) thin piece cut from something; verb

  • slightly

    (adv.) a little or to a small extent

  • slope

    (n.) slanted surface; verb

  • smart

    (adj.) intelligent or fashionable

  • snug

    (adj.) comfortably close-fitting or cozy

  • sole

    (n.) bottom part of a shoe; adjective

  • soothe

    (v.) gently comfort or calm

  • sovereignty

    (n.) supreme power or authority

  • species

    (n.) group of living organisms sharing traits

  • spectacle

    (n.) impressive display or event

  • sphere

    (n.) round three-dimensional shape

  • splash

    (n.) scattering of liquid; verb

  • split

    (v.) divide into parts; noun

  • spontaneous

    (adj.) unplanned or impulsive

  • spoon

    (n.) utensil with a shallow bowl; verb

  • spray

    (n.) fine mist of liquid; verb

  • spring

    (n.) season between winter and summer; verb

  • squirrel

    (n.) small rodent with bushy tail

  • stability

    (n.) state of being steady or balanced

  • staircase

    (n.) set of stairs for going between levels

  • standard

    (n.) accepted level or requirement; adjective

  • standpoint

    (n.) perspective or point of view

  • starvation

    (n.) extreme hunger or lack of food

  • statistics

    (n.) numerical data and analysis

  • stout

    (adj.) bulky

  • strenuous

    (adj.) requiring great effort or energy

  • strike

    (v.) to hit forcibly; noun

  • stroke

    (n.) an act of hitting or striking someone or something; a blow.

  • submarine

    (n.) underwater boat used for underwater exploration or warfare

  • successive

    (adj.) following one after another in order

  • sufficient

    (adj.) enough for a particular purpose

  • suitable

    (adj.) apt or appropriate for a particular situation

  • suite

    (n.) a set of rooms used together

  • sunrise

    (n.) the time when the sun begins to appear in the morning

  • sunset

    (n.) the time in the evening when the sun goes down

  • supplement

    (n.) something added to complete or enhance

  • supposition

    (n.) an uncertain belief or assumption

  • survive

    (v.) to continue to live or exist despite difficulty

  • sustain

    (v.) to support or maintain over time

  • sustained

    (adj.) continuing for an extended period

  • swarm

    (n.) a large group of insects or people moving together

  • swear

    (v.) to make a solemn promise or statement

  • swell

    (v.) to increase in size

  • swelling

    (n.) an abnormal enlargement or bulge

  • syllable

    (n.) a unit of pronunciation with a vowel sound

  • sympathy

    (n.) feeling of compassion or understanding for others

  • tapestry

    (n.) decorative fabric with pictures or patterns

  • tavern

    (n.) a place for drinking and socializing; pub

  • telegraph

    (n.) an old communication device using wires

  • telescope

    (n.) optical instrument to see distant objects

  • temperature

    (n.) measurement of hotness or coldness

  • temple

    (n.) religious building or part of the head

  • tempting

    (adj.) attractive or enticing

  • tension

    (n.) mental or emotional strain

  • terrific

    (adj.) very good or excellent; intense

  • theft

    (n.) act of stealing

  • therefore

    (adv.) for that reason; consequently

  • thorough

    (adj.) complete with detail; meticulous

  • thoughtful

    (adj.) showing consideration for others

  • thread

    (n.) fine string used for sewing or weaving

  • tint

    (n.) slight color or shade

  • tower

    (n.) tall

  • transaction

    (n.) business deal or action

  • transformation

    (n.) complete change in form or appearance

  • trap

    (n.) device for catching something or someone

  • tray

    (n.) flat

  • treacherous

    (adj.) likely to betray or cause danger

  • trifle

    (n.) a thing of little value or importance

  • trim

    (v.) to make neat by cutting or removing

  • troublesome

    (adj.) causing difficulty or annoyance

  • trumpet

    (n.) brass musical instrument with a bright sound

  • trustworthy

    (adj.) reliable and dependable

  • tub

    (n.) container for holding liquids or other substances

  • turbulent

    (adj.) involving disorder or chaos

  • typical

    (adj.) conforming to a standard or pattern

  • unconscious

    (adj.) lacking awareness or consciousness

  • uniform

    (adj.) consistent in style or appearance

  • unity

    (n.) state of being united or whole

  • universal

    (adj.) applicable everywhere or to everyone

  • universe

    (n.) all existing matter

  • upset

    (v.) to disturb or cause emotional distress

  • utter

    (adj.) complete or absolute

  • utterly

    (adv.) completely or entirely

  • vacancy

    (n.) unoccupied position or place

  • valve

    (n.) device controlling the flow of fluid

  • variance

    (n.) different or inconsistent elements

  • variation

    (n.) differences within similar things

  • various

    (adj.) mixed or diverse

  • vault

    (n.) an arched structure or secure room

  • vegetable

    (n.) edible plant product

  • vehicle

    (n.) means of transport

  • veil

    (n.) covering for the face or head

  • vein

    (n.) blood vessel in the body

  • venerable

    (adj.) worthy of respect due to age or dignity

  • verse

    (n.) line of poetry or a poetic composition

  • vessel

    (n.) container for holding liquids or ships

  • victor

    (n.) winner in a contest or battle

  • vigor

    (n.) physical strength or energy

  • virtually

    (adv.) almost or nearly completely

  • visible

    (adj.) able to be seen

  • vision

    (n.) sight or mental image of the future

  • vivid

    (adj.) clearly seen or described

  • vocation

    (n.) career or calling

  • volume

    (n.) size or amount of space or sound

  • wagon

    (n.) four-wheeled vehicle for transport

  • ware

    (n.) goods for sale or trade

  • wax

    (n.) solid substance used to make candles or polish

  • weapon

    (n.) tool used for fighting or defense

  • welfare

    (n.) well-being and support

  • wool

    (n.) fibrous material from sheep’s fleece

  • wreck

    (n.) ruined or destroyed remains

  • yield

    (v.) to produce or give as an result